Physiography and Climate of Brazil and India

Physiographic Divisions of Brazil and India

(1) The physiography of Brazil is divided into the Highlands, the Great Escarpment, the Coastal region, the Plains, and the Island groups. The physiography of India is divided into the Himalayas, the North Indian Plains, the Peninsula, the Coastal Plains, and the Island groups.

Mountain Ranges and Altitudes

(2) There are no high and long extending mountains in Brazil. On the other hand, there are many high and long extending mountains in India.

(3) The Himalayas mountain range extends in the northern part of India. Similarly, the mountainous region of the Western Ghats is in the west and the mountainous region of the Eastern Ghats is in the east of the peninsular region of India.

(4) The highest range of altitude is 500 metres to 1000 metres in Brazil. On the other hand, the highest range of altitude is 6000 metres to 8000 metres in India.

Climate Comparison: Brazil vs India

Question: Compare the climates of Brazil and India.

Answer: The climates of Brazil and India can be compared with the help of the following points:

• (1) Brazil's climate is of the tropical type. On the other hand, a monsoon type of climate is seen in India.
• (2) In Brazil, the temperature is comparatively higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part. On the other hand, in India, the temperature is comparatively lower in the northern part and higher in the southern part.
• (3) In Brazil, the amount of rainfall is comparatively higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part. On the other hand, in India, the amount of rainfall is comparatively lower in the northern part and comparatively higher in the southern part.
• (4) In Brazil, a mild and humid climate is found near the coastal regions. On the other hand, India also experiences humid conditions along its extensive coastline.

Formation of Southeast Monsoon Winds

(1) The Indian Ocean and Himalayan ranges play an important role in the formation of southeast monsoon winds.

(2) In summers, the temperature in the Punjab Plains and the Thar Desert is found to be high. As its effect, areas of low pressure are developed.

(3) On the other hand, areas of high pressure are found in the Indian Ocean. This leads to the formation and flowing of southeast monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean to the mainland of India.

(4) These winds are moisture-laden and so they bring rainfall to India.

(5) The Himalayas save India by obstructing the passage of very cold winds from the north into India in winter.

The Role of the Himalayas and Indian Ocean

(1) The Indian Ocean and Himalayan ranges play an important role in the formation of southeast monsoon winds.

(2) In summers, the temperature in the Punjab Plains and the Thar Desert is found to be high. As its effect, areas of low pressure are developed.

(3) On the other hand, areas of high pressure are found in the Indian Ocean. This leads to the formation and flowing of southeast monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean to the mainland of India.

(4) These winds are moisture-laden and so they bring rainfall to India.

(5) The Himalayas save India by obstructing the passage of very cold winds from the north into India in winter.