Mechanical Systems: Components and Transmission Principles

Machine Fundamentals

A machine combines a number of mechanisms to produce a particular effect.

• Cleaning Machine

Classification of Machine Components

• Motrices: They transform energy obtained from fossil fuels.
• Operators: They use the power supply to drive machines and achieve immediate results.
• Conveyors: Their mission is to utilize received energy to move cargo.
• Shaped Switches: They use received energy to give material a desired shape.
• Other Classes: Allow us to perform different tasks more quickly and with less effort.

Elements of Transmission

• Direct: Shafts, axles, wheel bearings, and gears.
• Indirect: Pulleys, belts, and chains.

Shafts and Axles

An axle is a machine element, usually cylindrical, which serves to hold various mechanical parts that revolve.

• Fixed Axles: Allow the rotation of mechanical elements placed upon them, but do not rotate jointly with them.
• Rotary Axles: Rotate jointly with the elements located on them.

A shaft is a machine element, cylindrical or not, on which various mechanical parts are assembled and is capable of transmitting torque.

Pulleys and Belts

A pulley is a grooved wheel fixed to a shaft. A belt is a mechanical element used to join two pulleys.

• Flat belts: Manufactured from leather.
• Trapezoidal straps: Made from rubber; suited to small pulleys carrying high speeds.
• Circular straps: Suitable for the transmission of small forces.

Transmission Values and Torque

• To increase torque, use a reductive system.
• To increase speed, use a multiplier system.

Wheel Bearings

Wheel bearings are machine elements that allow continuous movement between two shafts through direct surface contact.

• Outer wheel bearings: Cylindrical.
• Friction wheels (truncated cone): Cone-shaped; contact occurs between lateral surfaces.

Gears

• Module
• Circular Step

Transmission types:

• Parallel cylindrical gears: Used for transmission between parallel lines.
• Bevel gears: Used for transmission between intersecting shafts.
• Hyperbolic gears: Used for transmission between crossing lines.