Masterpieces of 15th-Century Flemish Gothic Painting

Descent from the Cross

This Flemish Gothic painting from the second half of the 15th century was authored by Rogier van der Weyden. It is a religious work featuring highly detailed figures. The composition is set within a closed environment, where Mary and St. John form two parallel wavy lines mirroring the body of Christ. The scene is dramatic, characterized by expressive, sculptural gestures and figures with sharply broken folds in their clothing. The work demonstrates exceptional realism and utilizes the oil painting technique.

Arnolfini Portrait

This 15th-century Flemish Gothic painting by Jan van Eyck depicts a marriage portrait from everyday life. The characters are situated inside a room, where a dog symbolizes purity. Behind the couple, light enters through a window, and a mirror on the wall provides a unique perspective of the space and time. The painting is rich in symbolism, including:

• A lit candle
• Discarded shoes
• The presence of the dog

The work is a masterclass in the use of oil painting techniques.

Adoration of the Mystic Lamb

This 15th-century Flemish Gothic polyptych by Jan van Eyck features a closed composition where all characters are directed toward the center. The size of the figures is adjusted based on distance to create a sense of depth. The painting is noted for its rich colors and realistic representation of fabric textures. The composition includes:

• Hermits on the right
• Religious figures on the left
• A dove at the top center representing the Holy Spirit

The Madonna of Chancellor Rolin

This 15th-century Flemish Gothic painting by Jan van Eyck depicts Chancellor Rolin in the presence of the Virgin. The interior opens to a classic architectural view, revealing a colorful landscape. The work is highly detailed, emphasizing the rich quality of fabrics and the folds of the clothing. Van Eyck utilizes oil painting with transparencies to capture light, demonstrating extreme precision in his drawing and technique.