Mastering Passive Voice and Reported Speech Tenses

Passive Voice Transformations

The passive voice is formed by changing the focus from the subject to the object. Note: In English, the object pronoun for 'he' is 'him'.

• Present Simple: He makes the clothes → The clothes are made by him.
• Past Simple: He made the clothes → The clothes were made by him.
• Future Simple: He will make the clothes → The clothes will be made by him.
• Conditional: He would make the clothes → The clothes would be made by him.
• Present Perfect Simple: He has made the clothes → The clothes have been made by him.
• Past Perfect Simple: He had made the clothes → The clothes had been made by him.
• Future Perfect Simple: He will have made the clothes → The clothes will have been made by him.
• Past Conditional: He would have made the clothes → The clothes would have been made by him.
• Present Continuous: He is making the clothes → The clothes are being made by him.
• Past Continuous: He was making the clothes → The clothes were being made by him.
• Present Modals: He should make the clothes → The clothes should be made by him.
• Perfect Modals: He can have made the clothes → The clothes can have been made by him.
• Have to / Need to: He needs to make the clothes → The clothes need to be made by him.
• Be going to: He is going to make the clothes → The clothes are going to be made by him.

Reported Speech Tense Shifts

When shifting from direct to reported speech, the verb tense typically moves one step back into the past.

• Present Simple to Past Simple: "I talk to my boyfriend" → She said that she talked to her boyfriend.
• Past Simple to Past Perfect Simple: "I talked to my boyfriend" → She said that she had talked to her boyfriend.
• Present Perfect Simple to Past Perfect Simple: "I have talked to my boyfriend" → She said that she had talked to her boyfriend.
• Future Simple to Conditional: "I will talk to my boyfriend" → She said that she would talk to her boyfriend.
• Future Perfect to Past Conditional: "I will have talked to my boyfriend" → She said that she would have talked to her boyfriend.
• Present Continuous to Past Continuous: "I am talking to my boyfriend" → She said that she was talking to her boyfriend.
• Past Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous: "I was talking to my boyfriend" → She said that she had been talking to her boyfriend.
• Present Perfect Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous: "I have been talking to my boyfriend" → She said that she had been talking to her boyfriend.
• Future Continuous to Conditional Continuous: "I will be talking to my boyfriend" → She said that she would be talking to her boyfriend.