Mastering English Modals and Conditionals
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(Do not)have to Must(not)Ought(not) to Should(not)Are used for OBLIGATIONorNECESSITY Have to / Do not • For have to OBLIGATIONS. • For RULES. Must/ Must not • To express that something is IMPORTANT or NECESSARY •For NECESSITIES. •Ought to / Ought (not) to For RECOMMENDATIONS. • When something is a GOOD IDEA. Should / Should (not) • For RECOMMENDATIONS. • When something is a GOOD IDEA. After: Must – must not – have to – do not have to – should – should not – ought to – ought not to: USE Had better: • To warn. • To advice someone in strong terms. • Something bad might happen. • It refers to the PRESENT or the FUTURE. • The form is always HAD √ not HAVE ⨉. Examples: • You had better hurry up! • You’d better hurry up! • You had better NOT say that again. • Had YOU better speak to the teacher before you send your homework? NOT to talk about obligations. Use the verb in BASE FORM.Can / Can´t • For permission. Can / Can´t • To give permission. • You CAN go to the party. • To deny permission. • You CAN´T go out. • To ask for permission. • CAN I have a pet? Can´t / Mustn´t • When something is AGAINST the rules. Can´t • The speaker DID NOT make the rules. Ex: • You CAN´T park here. • You CAN´T take photos.
Mustn´t • The speaker MADE the rules. Ex: • You MUSTN´T eat on the sofa. After Can / Can´t / Mustn´t Use the verb in BASE FORM. Used to connect two clauses in time.Show when an action takes place in relation to another event.Use them in the clause that we know as “If clause” Do not use them with “will / won´t”
IF “Si” Used in neutral situations. I will go out if I finish my homework UNLESS “A menos que” Used in negative conditions. We´ll be late unless we leave now. UNTIL “Hasta que” Used to indicate a limit in time or event. I won´t stop asking you until you tell me. WHEN “Cuando” Used to specify a particular time or situation. They´ll be hungry when they get here. AS SOON AS “En cuanto / Tan pronto como” Used for strong requirements. I´ll call you as soon as I finish my work. AS SOON AS “En cuanto / Tan pronto como” Used for strong requirements. As soon as I finish my work I will call you. FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL If we had a garden , we would have a cat. We would have a cat if we had a garden. If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the beach. ´We´ll go to the beach if it doesn´t rain tomorrow
FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL TWO CLAUSES • The “”IF “ clause to show the situation (present tense). • The “WILL” clause that shows the consequence (future tense). TWO CLAUSES • The “”IF “ clause to showthe imaginary situation (past tense). • The “WOULD” clause that shows the imaginary consequence (past tense). FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL Use a “,”between clauses when the “if” clause goes first. FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL “When” is another word you can use in the “IF” clause. EX: We´ll go to the beach when it doesn´t rain
FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL It is GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT to say if I were, if he were, if she were and if it were.
FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL TWO CLAUSES • The “”IF “ clause to show the situation (present tense). • The “WILL” clause that shows the consequence (future tense). TWO CLAUSES • The “”IF “ clause to showthe imaginary situation (past tense). • The “WOULD” clause that shows the imaginary consequence (past tense). FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL Use a “,”between clauses when the “if” clause goes first. FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL “When” is another word you can use in the “IF” clause. EX: We´ll go to the beach when it doesn´t rain
FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL It is GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT to say if I were, if he were, if she were and if it were.
FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL TWO CLAUSES • The “”IF “ clause to show the situation (present tense). • The “WILL” clause that shows the consequence (future tense). TWO CLAUSES • The “”IF “ clause to showthe imaginary situation (past tense). • The “WOULD” clause that shows the imaginary consequence (past tense). FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL Use a “,”between clauses when the “if” clause goes first. FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL “When” is another word you can use in the “IF” clause. EX: We´ll go to the beach when it doesn´t rain
FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL It is GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT to say if I were, if he were, if she were and if it were.
