Mastering English Grammar: Passive Voice, Modals, and Conditionals

Passive Voice Structures

• Simple Present: Object + am/is/are + past participle. Example: The lesson is explained by the teacher.
• Present Continuous: Object + am/is/are + being + past participle. Example: The dinner is being served by Axel.
• Present Perfect: Object + have/has + been + past participle. Example: The baby has been showered by my mom.
• Present Perfect Continuous: Object + has/have + been + being + past participle. Example: My phone has been being stolen.
• Simple Past: Object + was/were + past participle. Example: The bridge was built.
• Past Continuous: Object + was/were + being + past participle. Example: The homework was being checked.
• Past Perfect: Object + had + been + past participle. Example: The computer had been fixed.
• Past Perfect Continuous: Object + had + been + being + past participle. Example: The car had been being painted.
• Future Simple: Object + will + be + past participle. Example: The train will be crashed.
• Future Continuous: Object + will + be + being + past participle. Example: The exam will be being copied.
• Future Perfect: Object + will + have + been + past participle. Example: The exam will have been developed.
• Future Perfect Continuous: Object + will + have + been + being + past participle. Example: The school will have been being closed tomorrow.

Modal Verbs

• Ability (Present): can/can't. Example: My mom can draw pictures very well.
• Ability (Past): could/couldn't. Example: I could read at the age of five.
• Possibility: might. Example: It might rain tomorrow.
• Advice: should/shouldn't. Example: You should see a doctor if you feel sick; you shouldn’t go to bed late.
• Necessity: must. Example: You must do your homework; you must wear a school uniform.
• Prohibition: mustn't. Example: You mustn’t bring phones to class.
• Permission: can (informal) / may (formal). Example: Mom, can I go outside? Mr. Brown, may I go to the bathroom?

Conditional Sentences

Note: V1 = Present, V2 = Past, V3 = Past Participle

• Zero Conditional (General Truths): If + present simple, present simple. Example: If I sleep late, I wake up tired.
• First Conditional (Real Possibilities): If + present simple, will + infinitive. Example: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. I will go to the cinema when I finish the class.
• Second Conditional (Hypothetical Situations): If + past simple, would + infinitive. Example: If I won the lottery, I would go to Sanrio Puroland.
• Third Conditional (Past Regrets): If + past perfect, would + have + past participle. Example: If we had left earlier, we would have arrived on time.