Management Principles and Organizational Behavior

Unit 1: Management Fundamentals

Core Management Functions

• Planning
• Organizing
• Directing
• Staffing
• Controlling

Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management

• Division of Work
• Authority and Responsibility
• Discipline
• Unity of Command
• Unity of Direction
• Subordination of Individual Interest
• Remuneration
• Scalar Chain
• Order
• Equity
• Stability of Tenure of Personnel
• Initiative
• Esprit de Corps

Taylor’s Scientific Management

• Science, Not Rule of Thumb
• Cooperation, Not Individualism
• Development of Workers
• Maximum, Not Restricted Output
• Division of Responsibility
• Mental Revolution

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• Physiological
• Security
• Social
• Esteem
• Self-Actualization

Leadership Styles

• Autocratic
• Democratic
• Laissez-faire

The Planning Process

• Goal Setting
• Premises
• Plan Alternatives
• Selecting Plan
• Evaluating Plan
• Implementing Plan
• Controlling

The Decision-Making Process

• Problem Identification
• Information Collection
• Alternative Generation
• Selecting Alternative
• Implementing Decision
• Evaluation and Review

Unit 2: Principles of Organization

Key Principles

• Unity of Objective
• Specialization
• Authority
• Scalar Chain
• Exception
• Balance

Types of Organizational Structure

• Line: Simple chain of command where authority flows directly from top to bottom.
• Functional: People are grouped based on similar functions or specialties.
• Line and Staff: Line managers take decisions; staff specialists advise them.
• Project: Teams are formed temporarily to complete specific projects.
• Matrix: Employees report to both functional and project managers.
• Committee: Decisions are taken collectively by a group of people.
• Virtual: Organization operates mainly through digital and remote connections.
• Boundaryless: Few formal boundaries between departments or between firm and environment.
• Lean: Uses minimum levels of staff and layers to reduce waste.
• Tall: Many hierarchical levels with narrow spans of control.
• Flat: Few levels with wide spans of control and more employee autonomy.
• Inverted: Frontline employees are placed at the top; management supports them.
• Pyramid: Traditional structure with many employees at the bottom and few at the top.
• Cellular: Small self-contained units work semi-independently like cells.

Unit 3: Nature of Organizational Behavior

Nature of OB

• Human Behavior
• Continuous Process
• Interdisciplinary
• Systematic
• Behavioral Science
• Theory-Oriented
• Organizational Focus

Characteristics

• Human Orientation
• Individual Differences
• Cause and Effect
• System Approach
• Behavioral Focus
• Total View
• Development Orientation

Importance

• Improves Performance
• Increases Job Satisfaction
• Improves Interpersonal Relations
• Increases Productivity
• Helps in Change
• Achieves Goals

Approaches to Organizational Behavior

• Human Resources Approach
• Systems Approach
• Contingency Approach
• Contemporary Approach

Models of Organizational Behavior

• Autocratic Model
• Custodial Model
• Supportive Model
• Collegial Model
• System Model

Key Elements and Linkages

• People
• Structure
• Technology
• Environment

Organizational Behavior Functions

• Understanding Behavior
• Predicting Behavior
• Controlling Behavior
• Improving Performance

Unit 4: Individual and Group Dynamics

Personality Determinants

• Heredity
• Environment
• Situation

The Perception Process

• Selection
• Organization
• Interpretation
• Response
• Reaction

Gestalt Principles

Memory Trick: PSFCP

• Proximity
• Similarity
• Figure and Ground
• Closure
• Continuity

Big Five Model (OCEAN)

• Openness
• Conscientiousness
• Extraversion
• Agreeableness
• Neuroticism

Organizational Culture and Climate

• Organizational Culture: Shared Values and Beliefs | Strong Culture | Weak Culture
• Organizational Climate: Employee Perception | Work Environment

Factors Affecting Organizational Culture

• Philosophy of Organization
• Leadership Style
• Structure
• Technology
• Legal System
• Environment
• People
• Culture
• Quality of Workforce

Unit 5: Communication, Groups, and Ethics

The Communication Process

• Sender
• Encoding
• Receiver
• Message
• Channel

Types of Teams

• Problem Solving Teams
• Self-Managed Teams
• Cross-Functional Teams
• Virtual Teams

Team Development Stages

• Forming
• Storming
• Norming
• Performing
• Adjourning

Transactional Analysis

• Parent
• Adult
• Child

Types of Transactions

• Complementary
• Crossed
• Ulterior

Business Ethics

• Honesty
• Fairness
• Accountability