Linguistic Elements and Communication Dynamics

Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication

Verbal: Using words.

Non-verbal: Communication without words, including facial expressions, eye contact, hand movements, body posture, dress, and voice.

The Nature of Conversation

The conversation is a spontaneous activity between two or more partners involving both verbal and non-regulated non-verbal elements. A conversation develops live and takes place in turns.

Structure of the Topic

• Opening: Starts with greetings, questions, or exclamations.
• Body: The central part and the focus of the conversation.
• Closing: Uses common farewell formulas for the end.

Language in Informal Conversation

One of the main characteristics of oral language is improvisation, which is subject to change. Speakers often shift from one topic to another. Common features include:

• Use of onomatopoeia and interjections (e.g., Phew!).
• Unfinished sentences (e.g., I know...).
• Deictics or fillers (e.g., allò...).

Spelling and Phonetic Observations

Exceptions (E-A): Run, come, opens, fills.

Feel free to: Murder, evaluate, rear, front, fishmonger (pescadero), resentment.

Doubts with 'E': Apricot, assembly, disguise, effeminate, miss, wonder, monastery, glitter, paper.

The Word and the Verb

Verb: The kernel of the Verb Phrase (SV) expressing the behavior of the subject.

Conjugations

• 1st: -ar
• 2nd: -er
• 3rd: -ir

Characteristics of the Word

• Lexeme: Expresses the core meaning (e.g., roads).
• Morpheme: Indicates number, person, time, aspect, and mode.

Popular and Learned Words

• Popular Words: Also called hereditary or property words. They have been part of the language since its Latin origins and have evolved over time.
• Learned Words (Cults): Words taken directly from Latin or Greek. They have not undergone the normal evolution of hereditary words, only a slight adaptation.
• Latinisms: A separate case; words or expressions from Latin that have joined the language without being modified.

Loans, Barbarisms, and Neologisms

Loans or Borrowings: Words taken from other languages incorporated into the standard dictionary (e.g., Castellanisms, Anglicisms, Italianisms, Gallicisms).

Barbarisms: Incorrect forms (e.g., lighthouse instead of lantern, or container instead of receptacle).

Neologisms: New words incorporated into the language to describe actions or concepts.

Roots: Formed from Greek and Latin words.

Francesc Vicent Garcia

Francesc Vicent Garcia, known as the Rector of Vallfogona (and associated with Tortosa), was born in 1579. He was ordained in Vic in 1605. His poetry was well known, and he died in Vallfogona de Riucorb in 1623. He was a figure of the mainstream literary Baroque, and his work was characterized by its humorous nature.