Key Factors Affecting Human Health and Disease Classifications

Factors Affecting Human Health

• Biological: Asthma, diabetes, allergies.
• Environmental: Air pollution, contamination, radiation.
• Lifestyle: Drug use, physical activity, diet.
• Psychological: Depression, trauma, stress.

Diseases and Their Causes

Bacterial Infections

• Cholera: Severe diarrheal illness.
• Bubonic Plague: Characterized by swollen lymph nodes.
• Tuberculosis: Spread via respiratory droplets. Symptoms include weight loss, night sweats, fever, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

Protozoan Infections

• Malaria: Transmitted by mosquitoes; causes fever, sweats, and fatigue.
• Sleeping Sickness: Transmitted by tsetse flies; causes headaches and fever.
• Athlete's Foot: A fungal skin infection causing a red, ring-like rash.

Mental Health Conditions

• CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease): A fatal condition causing brain tissue to become spongy.
• Alzheimer's Disease: Progressive memory loss and cognitive decline.
• Schizophrenia: Often characterized by auditory hallucinations.

Deficiency Diseases

• Scurvy: Vitamin C deficiency leading to tooth and bone decay.
• Night Blindness: Vitamin A deficiency causing poor low-light vision.
• Rickets: Vitamin D deficiency.
• Anemia: Iron deficiency; common during pregnancy, causing extreme fatigue.

Degenerative and Tumor-Forming Diseases

• Parkinson's Disease: Caused by the death of dopamine-generating cells in the midbrain.
• Cancer: Includes breast, prostate, lung, colon, and skin (melanoma) cancers. Caused by abnormal cell growth and division due to a lack of cell specialization.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies

IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)

The woman takes fertility drugs to stimulate egg production. A sperm sample is prepared in a petri dish and incubated for 10 days before fertilization.

IUI (Intrauterine Insemination)

Used for erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, or unexplained infertility. Sperm is inserted directly into the uterus during ovulation.

Material Science

Definition: Elements or compounds used to manufacture objects.

• Natural: Obtained from the environment without chemical transformation (e.g., wood, rocks).
• Refined: Materials that undergo elaboration or manufacturing before use (e.g., kerosene, oil).
• Synthetic: Artificially created through chemical industrial processes (e.g., plastics, Lycra, Gore-Tex).

Material Properties

Materials are categorized by their Thermal, Optical, Sensory, Chemical, Mechanical, and Electrical properties.