Key Elements of Lyric Poetry and Narrative Prose

Characteristics of Lyric Poetry

• Poetic function: Often utilizes synonym poetry.
• Emotional role: Focuses on intimacy.
• Concentration and brevity: Interiorization of vital experiences where elements are stripped of the anecdotal.
• Lack of spatiotemporal development: No plot; the topic is a particular feeling.
• Form: Written in verse or poetic prose.
• Versification: Justified by the text, it provides a sound dimension, representing the poet's condensation effort and the stylization of the message.
• Rhythm: Created through the repetition of sounds, pauses, and accents. It is born associated with musicality for recitation or singing (oral slope), utilizing visual and typographical resources.
• Musicality: Through verse, the word approaches music, requiring an accurate intonation for a good reading.
• Variety of tones and intentions: Can be ironic, satirical, reflective, committed, philosophical, or civic. A single track may have several treatments depending on the author's intent.

Major Poetic Forms

• Elegy: Mourns the death of a loved one and praises the deceased.
• Eclogue: Features shepherds; prominent during the Renaissance (e.g., Garcilaso).
• Ode: Variable in length, characterized by a high and ascetic tone.
• Anthem: Honors a prominent person, a memorable event, or a triumph.
• Satire: Written in prose or verse; censures and ridicules faults or defects.

Elements of Narrative Prose

Narrative is an account of the adventures of a character whose qualities or circumstances are modified throughout the work.

• Narrator: The central element that assumes the voice speaking in a narrative text. They may give the floor to characters.
• Views or Focus: Determines who tells the story and from which perspective.
  • Omniscient Narrator: Focalization 0; 3rd person; knows everything.
  • Witness Narrator: External focalization; 3rd person; acts like a video camera.
  • Character Narrator: Internal focalization; 1st person; subjective and often autobiographical; can also use the 2nd person.
• Event and Plot: Events organized by the author form the fabric of the work.
• Structure:
  • Closed linear structure: Presentation, knot, and denouement.
  • Nonlinear and open structure: Themes with variations or circular structures.
• Characters: Includes the protagonist, collective protagonists (e.g., "The Hive" by Camilo José Cela), actants, fleeting characters (mission-based), elders, or psychological models.
• Time:
  • External: Real and objective time.
  • Internal: Includes ellipsis, summary, time-stage, pauses, and narrative digressions for reflection.
• Space: Can be objective or subjective (the personal impression of reality).

Main Narrative Subgenres

• Epic: Written in verse, focusing on archetypal hero feats (e.g., Cantar de Mio Cid).
• Story: A short narrative with an exemplary character and didactic purpose; maintains unity among components.
• Fable: A tale featuring animal protagonists with a didactic purpose.
• Novel: A complex narrative subgenus with a framework and chapters, evolving significantly since "Don Quixote".