Jean de Crevecoeur: Defining the American Identity

The New World: Crevecoeur’s Vision

At the beginning of his essay, Jean de Crevecoeur introduces the new land to Europeans who lack knowledge of it. He details the differences between the new land and Europe, highlighting its abundance, employment opportunities, personal freedom, and the unique relationship between the settlers, nature, and animals.

Comparing Europe and the New Land

After describing the new land in detail, Crevecoeur examines the behaviors, lifestyles, and social rules of Europeans. Through an intense analysis of European regimes and economies, he compares the Old World with the New. He concludes that the new land is significantly more livable for the common person. Furthermore, he notes that because Europeans are conditioned by their native rules and customs, the process of adaptation is often lengthy. However, he provides an example of a European who, upon arrival, appears limited in his intentions and views, yet undergoes a rapid transformation in his perspective.

Defining the "New Man"

In the middle of the essay, Crevecoeur poses the question: What is the new man? He argues that the "American" is not defined by a single race, but is instead a person who recognizes the richness found in diversity. The American is a new individual who acts upon new principles, representing a mixture of nations—including German, French, and Irish. Crevecoeur suggests that all nations contribute to the composition of a new "race of men" for the future.

The Influence of European Culture

Crevecoeur also addresses the arts, science, and industry imported from Europe. He explains that the immigration of Western intellectuals brought these riches to America, which in turn facilitated the adaptation and settlement of Europeans in the new land.

America as a Welcoming Family

Towards the end of the text, Crevecoeur describes the experience of a foreigner who becomes a citizen. He illustrates that the immigrant is met by a "family" that welcomes him to its green fields, mountains, and fertile rivers. This family promises that if he is honest, hard-working, and sober, he will find bread, rewards, ease, and independence. Through these promises, Crevecoeur portrays America as a welcoming family, viewing everyone who arrives as an American, regardless of their original race or background.