The Importance of Studying War: Causes and Effects

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Why is the study of war important?

World War One swept away empires and the old order, setting the stage for new social and political developments in Europe. World War Two led to the emergence of the USA and USSR as superpowers and the decline of European powers such as Britain and France. These developments led to the Cold War and the collapse of European empires, dominating world politics after 1945 and shaping the world today.

Types of Wars

Total War

Total war is a war in which a country uses all its human, economic, and military resources to fight and seek complete victory over the enemy.

Causes and Effects of Wars

Warfare's effects are easier to discuss than its causes. The most obvious effect is the loss of human life. Depending on the scale and scope, the cost can be staggering. Death can occur on the battlefield, through disease, and famine. Civilians caught in the crossfire are also often killed.

Most wars are caused by economic motives. Countries go to war to benefit their economic situations, especially in the pursuit of resources and markets. Some conflicts are cultural, particularly those involving religion. Political and ideological differences are another major motive.

Here's a summary of common causes:

  • Economic motives
  • Cultural differences
  • Political and ideological differences

The Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)

France lost the Franco-Prussian War to the German states under Prussian leadership. The underlying causes were:

  • Prussian statesman Otto von Bismarck's determination to unify Germany under Prussian control and eliminate French influence.
  • Napoleon III's attempt to regain prestige lost through diplomatic reverses, particularly those suffered at the hands of Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
  • Prussia's military strength, a threat to French dominance in Europe.

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