Impact of World War II: Devastation and Consequences

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The mobilisation in favour of the war effort involved women to a greater extent than in the WWI. They joined the workforce sectors, particularly in the war industry, and served on the front line as doctors or nurses.

The Germans wanted to impose the new Nazi order on the whole Europe.

The conquered land was classified into regions which became part of Germany, Satellite states and occupied territories.

The Nazi occupation plundered raw materials, agricultural products and industrial goods, and exploited workers.

During German occupation, the introduction of a regime of violence and terror was essential for military and political domination. The German SS and the Gestapo were instruments used for this purpose.

IIWW BLOC:

ALLIES:

  • GB
  • France
  • Belgium
  • USSR
  • US
  • Canada
  • Egypt

AXIS:

  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • Slovakia
  • Hungary
  • Romania
  • Bulgaria

NEUTRAL:

  • Spain
  • Portugal
  • Switzerland
  • Ireland
  • Sweden
  • Albania
  • Turkey
  • Monaco
  • Vatican City

Following the Nazi’s rise to power in Germany, the Jews were persecuted and forced to wear a badge on their clothes.

The concentration camps and particularly the extermination ones, were factories of torture, degradation and death for the prisoners.

The CONSEQUENCES OF IIWW left behind a trail of devastation and horror: over 50 million people died in the war.

Civilian victims represent more than half the total number of deaths (In the IWW only 5% of the dead were civilians).

There was also extensive destruction of property, which mostly affected cities, means of communication and industrial facilities.

The continuous looting of cities, the practice of burning crops and woodland and the destruction of industries seriously affected production in warring countries.

The Nuremberg Trials (20 November 1945- 30 September 1946) provided an opportunity to put 21 Nazi leaders on trial before a tribunal of judges from the four Great Powers: the US, the USSR, GB and France.

TEHRAN CONFERENCE (November 1943). The three major Allies (Great Britain, the US, and the USSR) met for the first time to take joint military measures to speed up the end of the war.

YALTA CONFERENCE (February 1945). This meeting agreed denazification and partition of Germany and Austria into four occupied zones and the division of Berlin and Vienna; the organization of democratic elections in the liberated countries, and the creation of an international peacekeeping body: the UN.

POSTDAM CONFERENCE (August 1945). An agreement was reached: to return all of the European territories annexed by Germany, separate Austria, dismantle the military industry and prosecute and punish the Nazi leaders.

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE (1946). The peace treaties with Germany’s other allies were drawn up, but the treaty with Austria was not signed until 1955, the year the Allied occupation ended.

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Nazi occupation Nuremberg Trials World War II peace conferences consequences