The Humanist Movement: A Renaissance Revolution in Thought and Culture

Classified in History

Written at July 5, 2024 on English with a size of 3.08 KB.

Humanism was a cultural movement that first began in the 14 century. It developed fully in the 15 and 16 centuries in the rich city-states of the northern parta of the italian peninsula.

humanists developed an anthropocentric wold view as an alternative to the God-centred world view of medieval christians. Humans and their intelligence became the main concerns of the humanists.

Anthropocentrism: man was at the centre of historical events, so was an individualist movement. Humans were considered capable of making decisions using reason and intelligence.

The revival of antiquity: the humanist scholars studied antiquity and revised classical thinking.

The love of knowledge: Humanist believed that a person's prestige not only depended on their wealth and power, but also on their education.

Humanist artist and thinkers were supported by patrons. People who, thanks to their power and wealth sponsored cultural and artistic activities. Patrons were governors and rich families. In Naples, Rome and especially Florence were the epicenters humanism. Humanists created academies to teach their ideas and developed new ones. The most well-known academy was in Florence, and was sponsored by the medici family.

Erasmus Rotterdam was born in the Netherlands. He criticised the nicest of society, especially those at the heart of the church. He called for reform based on an individual's freedom of choice.

Cardinal Cisneros set up the University Alcalà de Henares as a centre of theology a study revived. Antonio de Lebrija, who wrote the first grammar of the castigan language.

The painting press

Humanist ideas and knowledge spread more rapidly in the Early Modern Period than in the Middle Ages, when knowledge was spread through books written by hand, mostly by clergymen.

Around 1440, Johannes Gutenberg inventar the movable-type printing press. Books could therefore be produced more easily and ideas spread more quickly. It improved literacy.

Scientific knowledge

During the renaissance, thinkers and academies became interested in understanding the world. They revived the scientific method, where the study of nature was based on observation and experimentation. The aim was to find a well-reasoned explanation for natural phenomena and provide empirical evidence. Religious leaders and even some politicians were opposed to them.

Astronomy In the 16 century, polish astronomer Copernicus developed the theory of heliocentrism. Galileo Galilei prove Copernicus' theory using a new invention the telescope. Galileo was condemned by the church.

Medicine Advances were made: the treaty on astronomy by Vesalius; theory of pulmonary circulation of the blood by Miguel Served; pharmacology by Paracelsus.

Geography It was established that the Earth was spherical. Modern cartography by Mercator. Parallels and medicines were used to locate any point in the world.

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