Human Anatomy and Health: A Comprehensive Overview
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- The outer ear: it is formed by the pinna and the auditory canal.
- The middle ear: a cavity in the eardrum that reaches the oval window and the round window.
- The inner ear: formed by the membranous labyrinth.
- Sweat gland: this secretes sweat, cooling the body surface when it is necessary and removing certain waste substances.
- Sebaceous gland: these secretes substances that lubricate the skin and hair.
- Taste buds: are located inside the mouth especially on the tongue.
- Long bones: these are long and contain spongy bone tissue at either end, as well as compact bone.
- Short bones: these are rounded and mostly made up of spongy bone tissue.
- Flat bones: these are plate-shaped. Formed by an inner layer of bone tissue surrounded by two layers of compact bone tissue.
- Fixed: stop the movements, ex: cranium bones.
- Mobile: allows bones to move, ex: elbow, shoulder and knee.
- Semi-mobile: allow limited movement, ex vertebrae.
- JOINTS-> BONE WITH BONE /// TENDONS-> BONE WITH MUSCLE
- Fulcrum: where the lever rests in order for the two opposing forces to act.
- Effort: the point where the force is applied in order to favor movement
- Load: where the force that is opposing movement is applied.
- Gonads: organs which produce gametes and sexual hormones.
- Urinary bladder, seminal, urethra, penis, epidydimis, testicle, scrotum, ureter, rectum, anus, seminal tubes.
- Semen: fluid that contains the sperm.
- Ovulation: the release of an ovum through the ovary as a consequence of the production of HL.
- Luteal phase: the corresponding area transforms into a mass of cells, that produces and secretes the hormone progesterone.
- Follicular phase: last 14 days and takes place thanks to the hormones.
- Menstrual phase: considered the beginning of the cycle.
- Dilation of the cervix: this is the hardest stage of birth. This is known as breaking water.
- Fetus release: this is stage can last from 30 minutes to an hour. The fetus is extracted through a cesarean section.
- Fraternal twins: These originate from two ova that are fertilized by two different sperm.
- Identical twins: these originates from a single zygote, which has divided itself into two cells that have separated.
- The environment: healthy surroundings should be free of biological, physical or chemical elements that are harmful to your health.
- Personal characteristics: genetic factors, age and gender predispose people to suffer from certain types of illnesses.
- Lifestyle: healthy habits and lifestyle are very important for staying healthy.
- Healthcare: it's essential to have and efficient healthcare system to guarantee public health.
- Vital signs are physiological parameters that inform us of our sate of health or the evolution of a disease.
- EXTERNAL DEFENCES: structural, biochemical, mechanical, ecological.
- INTERNAL DECENCES: non specific: phagocytes // specific defences: lymphocytes and antibodies.
- Incubation stage-> the pathogenic agents invade an organism.
- Manifestation stage-> symptoms and signs appear.
- Convalescence stage-> the body repairs the damage.
- Vaccination: is a very effective method to prevent some infectious diseases and has saved countless lives.
- Cancer: is when the cells starts to divided very fast. It forms a mass of abnormal cells called tomour.