Group Dynamic Techniques: Participation, Planning, and Organization
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Factors Influencing Technique Appropriateness
The appropriateness of group techniques depends on several factors: objectives, group maturity and training, group size, time, member characteristics, and the animator's expertise.
A) Techniques to Enhance Participation
Gift of Joy
Objective: To foster trust, value individuals, and encourage positive group dynamics. Participants write positive messages to each other.
Discussion
Objective: To stimulate communication, tolerance, and teamwork. Participants exchange ideas on a previously discussed topic from different perspectives.
Seminar
Objective: To acquire knowledge through discovery. The group deeply discusses a topic, researches it, and presents a final report.
Phillips 6/6
Objectives: To promote participation and develop summarization skills. Six people discuss a topic for six minutes, then share their ideas through a spokesperson.
Advantages: Applicable to any subject.
Disadvantages: Lacks depth, individual assessment is difficult.
Brainstorm
Objectives: To generate ideas and promote creative problem-solving. Participants freely express ideas around a theme.
Advantages: Applicable to any subject needing new solutions, fosters trust, suitable for apathetic groups.
B) Self-Presentation Techniques
Self-Presentation
Objectives: To promote awareness, mutual trust, and participation. Participants introduce themselves with their name and additional information.
Advantage: Breaks the ice at the first meeting.
Disadvantages: Some people are anxious about public speaking.
Interview
Participants pair up and interview each other, asking questions to learn about their partner. After 10 minutes, they introduce their partner to the group.
C) Planning Techniques
Basic Planning
Objective: To help manage and plan work. Create a basic plan specifying actions: What? How? When? Where? Who? Time?
Deck of Planning
Objective: To identify and order planning steps. Subgroups arrange cards representing planning steps in the correct order.
Reconstruction
Objective: To analyze organizational capacity and leadership roles. Groups make decisions within a time limit.
D) Organizing Techniques
Integration in a Hostile Group
Objective: To create a positive climate and integrate a resistant group. Applicable to any number of participants, usually lasting one hour.
Creative Problem Solving
Objective: To observe group attitudes in problem-solving and interpersonal influences. The group must reach a consensus on a creative solution.