Fundamental Concepts of Systems Theory and Organization

Fundamental Concepts of Systems

1. System Definition

R: A system is an ordered set of interrelated elements that contribute to performing a function.

2. Multiple System Definitions

Several definitions of a system include:

• A set of related parts or items organized and interacting to achieve a goal.
• A feature set.
• A set of "elements" linked such that a change in one element affects all others.

3. Examples of Systems

Three examples of systems and their explanations:

1. Solar System: The system of planets orbiting the sun in a systematic manner.
2. School System: The established way of teaching students.
3. Mathematical System: The method used to solve a specific type of mathematical problem.

4. Systems Theory Reference

The set of elements tending toward the same end is known as a system.

5. System Classification

Briefly, systems can be rated based on several criteria:

• Relationship: Open, closed, concrete.
• Nature: Natural, artificial.
• Complexity: Simple, complex.
• Time Change: Static, dynamic.
• Validity Type: Discrete, continuous.

6. Open Systems Explained with Examples

Open systems are those that exchange matter, energy, and information with the environment. Examples include a family or a town.

7. Artificial System

An artificial system is a product of human activity and can be modified by humans (e.g., an airplane, a ship).

8. Closed System

A closed system does not exchange matter, energy, or information with the environment (e.g., the universe, a clock).

9. Abstract System

An abstract system is a symbolic or conceptual system (e.g., the English or Spanish languages).

10. Physical System

A physical system is an aggregate of material objects or entities whose parts have a link or causal interaction.

11. Process Meaning

A process is a set of actions or systematized activities that occur or take place with a purpose, taking into account established policies.

12. Procedure Definition

A procedure is considered a chronological and sequential set of interrelated operations, establishing a unit in terms of the relationship of an activity or specific task. It includes responsibility for the activity and a format.

13. Function Definition

A function is a set of coordinated goals and activities needed to meet the objectives of a social organization.

16. Process for Preparing Hamburgers

1. To make a hamburger, you need bread, meat, and toppings.
2. These ingredients are placed inside the bread to be eaten.
3. Serve the hamburger.

19. General Model of an Administrative System

The general model of an administrative system comprises several subsystems:

Planning and Control Subsystem

This includes planning, programming, information, statistics, institutional development, evaluation and control, budgeting, organization, computing, and related functions.

Operation Subsystem

The elements comprising this subsystem are oriented toward the institution, philosophy, values, goods production, technical support services, production, and advertising/sales of products.

Administrative Support Subsystem

This includes Human Capital, technology, and material resources, as well as institutional support such as public relations, communications, and legal affairs.