Fascism and Nazism: Origins, Ideologies, and Impact

t10. 2. Fascist Italy: Fascism emerged in Italy after the First World War, next to the most outstanding German Nazi ideology in the unparliamentary interwar period. The period of fascist ideology had more well-defined characteristics, "advocated the establishment of a totalitarian state controlling all spheres of life. - Supporting a dictatorial political system of a single party also established the cult of personality of the leader. Radical anti-socialism and anti-capitalism. - Aggressive nationalism, expansionist, militarist, which demanded a new position for their nation in the world. "The racists and fascists considered all non-whites inferior. Clairvoyance-defended against political opponents. - Also assaulted male principles. Fascism recruited its first followers from the social sectors, uprooted, working classes, young artists... Italy came out of the war, defrauded by a mortal crisis, uniting serious political, economic, and social issues, which provoked criticism of the democratic system. Benito Mussolini, an old socialist and advocate of Italian intervention in the Great War, thought in 1919 of The Italiani di fasci Combatte, known as black shirts; their first manifestations had a limited importance, but with the Russian Revolution, they found a tool to gain force. In 1921, the Fascists became the PNF (National Fascist Party) with an extremist political agenda. The growing strength of the Fascist Party and the clear support of powerful social groups prompted Mussolini to power through the "march on Rome" of its military, a government bid in 1922. The October objective to enforce actions of the fascists was overruled, so King Victor Emmanuel III named Mussolini as 1st minister. Until 1924, Mussolini had an apparent democratic legality, while transforming the democratic state gradually into a dictatorship. In 1926, all parties were abolished, the press was censored, and enemies were chased. A totalitarian state was created in which the state and party were confused. The crisis of democracies in the interwar period: Causes: - Growing political radicalization of extremists, both right and left. - The political unrest in Italy and Germany due to peace agreements after the First World War. - The economic crisis and the inability of parliamentary government to take effective action. European political system: - In the nations of Central Europe, Balkan, and Mediterranean, right-wing dictatorships were imposed. Nazi Germany: After the First World War, a republic was declared, and Ebert was appointed chancellor; the republic had to face numerous problems. The Great Depression of 1929 was a blow for democracy and drove German Nazism to power. The beginnings of Nazism: In 1929 in Munich, the Workers' Party was founded. With Hitler's entry into the party began the history of the Nazi movement. That year also formed The ASSAULT SECTION SA, or it's a Nazi military organization, which were distinguished by their brown uniforms and the bracelet with the symbol of the swastika. The central ideas were 2: - Establish a strong and capable nationalist dictatorship to preserve racial purity and eliminate the enemies of Germany. "He wanted to unite all Germans in a secure area. Hitler developed the race and was elected party leader in 1921, and Fuhrer was supported: the great depression is a blow for democracy in Germany and led to Nazism's power. Hitler came to power in 1933 to be a totalitarian state.