Extraction of Metals and Chemical Reactions
Classified in Chemistry
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Gold Extraction
Gold is found mainly as the metal itself in the earth because it has a low reaction rate, which prevents easy oxidation.
Carbon Extraction of Zinc
Carbon can be used to extract zinc because carbon has a higher reaction rate than zinc.
Sodium Extraction
Sodium was not extracted until 1807 because sodium attaches itself very strongly to other elements, making it difficult to separate and obtain a pure substance.
Limestone
i) Name of Material: Limestone
Reason why this metal is used: It decomposes silicon dioxide in the heat of the furnace to calcium oxide.
ii) Word Chemical Equation for the Reaction of Iron Extracted from Iron Ore when a Gaseous Oxide of Carbon Reacts with Iron Oxide: FeO + CO = Fe + CO2
Aluminium Extraction
i) Why a Mixture of Aluminium Oxide and Carbon Does Not Produce any Metallic Aluminium in a Blast Furnace: Because aluminium is more reactive than carbon, and aluminium, being reactive, would extract oxides from carbon.
ii) Process Used to Extract Aluminium from Aluminium Oxide: Electrolysis
Comparison of Aluminium and Lead
i) Explain the Results of this Experiment: Aluminium has a higher rate of reaction than lead, so it takes its oxides and produces carbon.
ii) Word Equation for the Reaction between Oxide and Carbon: (PbO) Lead Oxide + Carbon (C) = Pb + CO
Electrolysis of Copper
i) Label the Anode and the Electrolyte: Anode is +, electrolytes are the carbon rods.
ii) Explain Observations in Terms of Ions, Electrons, and Atoms: The copper atoms will be attracted by negative charges, the cathode, and will recover their electrons from the chloride atoms, creating neutral ions.
Blast Furnace
a) State the Three Raw Materials that are Added to the Furnace in Position 1: Coke, iron ore, limestone.
b) Reactions in the Blast Furnace:
Carbon + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide
Carbon + Carbon Dioxide = 2CO2
Iron (III) Oxide (FeO) + 3CO (Carbon Dioxide) = 2Fe (Iron) + 3CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
ii) Use of the Material Slag: It produces cement.