Evolution of the Web and Information Management

THE WEB:

1. WEB1.0, WEB 2.0, WEB 3.0:

-WEB 1.0 or the read-only web: In the 1990s, information on the Internet was only for reading. It was a network of documents and people could not interact with the content. For example, they couldn’t give their opinions, ask for information or register as users. In addition, the information online was not updated very frequently. Almost everything that people used online was also part of the World Wide Web (www).

WEB 2.0 or the social network:

This was developed during the first decade of the 21st century. In this new web, information became bidirectional. Users could not only receive information, but also create and share it. New services appeared and became popular, such as email, chats, videoconferences, forums, blogs, wikis and programs for person-to-person (P2P) file exchange. Social networking was born.

WEB 3.0 or the semantic web:

From 2006 onwards, new technologies allowed the integration of data and the web so that programs could “understand” and work with the information that they received. Cutting-edge developments formed the basis of technological evolution: artificial intelligence (AI); applications that do not use a browser, such as smartphone apps; virtual reality; and Global Positioning System (GPS).

2. FINDING INFORMATION:

2.1. Web pages: A web page is a collection of documents that can include text, audio, video, images and hypertext links to other web pages. A browser is a program that locates a web page by its address and lets users access the content. A search engine is a web page with a database of information about other web pages and their content.

When we look for information online, it is very important to consult the web pages of companies, corporations or associations that we know and trust. We should also analyze the information to decide if it is true or complete.

2.2. News feeds: Rich Site Summary (RSS): Rich Site Summary is a subscription service that provides users with frequent updates from media websites, blogs and other sources of information. In this way, people can keep up with current issues that interest them. RSS news feeds are convenient and time-saving. Since subscribers receive the news automatically, they do not have to visit so many websites. People can subscribe in two ways: -Directly from the web page, by clicking on a “subscribe” icon. -Through a news aggregator program (online or downloadable), such as Old Reader, RSS Reader or Netvibes. More modern programs, such as Feedly, can be downloaded to smartphones with Android or iOS operating systems.

3. MANAGING INFORMATION:

3.1. Social bookmarking: Social bookmarking is an Internet tool that lets us organize, use and share information more efficiently. It works in a way that is similar to the Favourites option of a browser program, but with an extra advantage: all of our content is stored in the cloud so we can access it from any location in the world. -Delicious is a service that lets us save our favorite web pages along with a description and a list of keywords for easier classification. -Diigo lets us bookmark the pages that we visit and create a digital library in the cloud, with links, notes and images. We can access this library from any location and select the information we want to share. -Evernote can collect information by capturing articles and images from the Internet. Then we can add notes and share information with other people. The application also has a search function for finding specific details in the content that we have saved.

3.2. Working in the cloud: Some Internet services let us create, save and modify documents online. This is called “cloud computing”. The most popular cloud-based services are Google Drive, Dropbox and OneDrive, which are also available as mobile apps.

Two main advantages of these services are: -Access to our files from any location or device with an Internet connection. -The ability to share our files easily with other people.

In addition to storing and sharing information in the cloud, we can also use programs for word processing, spreadsheets and presentations. Other services, such as Flickr and Picasa, let us upload and edit photos in the cloud. We can also share them and organize them in albums.

4. SHARING INFORMATION:

Although people continue using classic online services (email, chats and videoconferences), social networks have revolutionized how we spread or share information.

4.1. Horizontal social networks:

The users of horizontal networks frim communities who have diverse interests.-Facebook: This application allows groups of “friends" to publish both public and private messages with text, links, news, photos and videos. They may also share information about how they are feeling or what they are doing at any particular moment. Facebook can also be used by companies to give more information about their activities, advertise products and communicate more directly with costumers.-Twitter: Users publish text messages (tweets) with no more than 140 characters. On Twitter, the relationships between users are not always bidirectional. For example, you can follow the tweets of another user, but that 0erson might not follow you. 4.2. Vertical social networks: The users of vertical networks from communities who have similar reasons for using the application. These reasons, which can be personal or professional, may include: -Sharing professional information: LinkedIn is the most popular network for all kinds of professionals. -Sharing photos: Instagram, Flickr, Pinterest and Picassa are popular. -Sharing videos: YouTube and Vimeo are common examples. -Live streaming: Skype and Livestream are often used. -There are many other services related to sports, cinema, books and other topics.

5. CREATING INFORMATION: On the Internet, we can quickly and easily create information about anything that we consider interesting. 5.1. Web pages:The first step is to plan the design and content of everything that will appear on your web page, such as text, photos and illustrations. The content must be interesting and visually appealing in order to attract the maximum number of visits. 5.2. Blogs: Blogs are a special type of web page. They were originally used as online diaries for people to share their personal experiences. However, nowadays many blogs are “opinion generators" about a variety of other topics, including art, culture, sports, technology, education and politics. Bloggers publish entries or posts in chronological order, with newer posts appearing at the top of the list. The people who read these posts can also write their own comments about them.Some of the most popular blogging services are Blogger, Wordpress and Tumblr.5.3. Wikis: A wiki is a collection of web pages that visitors can edit, modify or expand. In this way, the content grows quickly with the contributions of the people working on it.After you save your changes, a revised version of the page will appear immediately. Many wikis offer open access to their Edit and Save functions. However, in some cases this access may be limited to avoid vandalism so that changes and additions must be approved by the original authors. Wikipedia, which was created in January 2001, is a universal encyclopaedia with no restrictions on use, modification or redistribution. Anyone can contribute their knowledge to the project. Since it was created, Wikipedia has grown in popularity and become one of the world's most visited websites. English is mostly commonly used language.

1.COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE: A computer has physical parts that we can touch, such as the keyboard or mouse. These parts are called hardware. Computers also use programs to process data. These are called software.-Peripheral devices are used for input and output.-Information storage takes place in storage devices, such as the hard drive.-Information processing takes place in the central processing unit (CPU). This contains memory as well as microprocessors that control the computer and carry out commands. The motherboard and peripheral connections: -Expansion slots allows us to add new components, such as a modem, sound card, network card or graphics card.-IDE/ATA connectors and SATA connectors link the hard drive, CD and DVD drives to the motherboard. -The chipset is a group of integrated circuits that control the flow of information in the motherboard. -Input/output slots. Types of software: -Operating system: The operating system manages system resources, making them available to users and other programs. The most common operating systems are Windows, Windows Phone, Linux, Android, Mac Os and iOs. They allow us to work with the hardware and software of both computers and mobile devices.-Applications: There are many types of applications, such as word processors (Word Writer), spreadsheets (Excel, Calc), presentation programs (Powerpoint, Impress), data bases (Access, Base), art programs (Paint, Paint Shop Pro, Draw), antivirus programs, file compressors, web browsers, online email readers and games.