Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Mastery

Communication Verbs

• Quiz somebody: Ask questions.
• Admit to something: Say something is true.
• Comment on something: Say something about it.
• Insist on something: It must happen.
• Doubt something: Unlikely to be true.
• Realise something: It becomes clear it is true.
• Convince somebody: Make someone do something using good reasons.
• Reject an idea: Refuse to accept it.
• Assume something: Believe it without asking why.
• Persuade somebody: Make them believe something is true.

Common Idioms and Expressions

• Have misgivings/second thoughts (about sth): Matrimonio.
• Be in two minds (about sth): Elección de algo.
• Come clean (about sth): Ser directo sobre algo.
• Get your wires crossed: Se te cruzan los cables.
• Jump to a conclusion: Concluir precipitadamente.
• Be dead set (against/on sth): Completamente en desacuerdo.
• Dawn on sb (that...): Caer en la cuenta.
• Talk sb into (doing) sth: Persuadir a alguien.

TV Industry Vocabulary

• Producers: Managers who organise the making of TV shows and films.
• Contestants: People who take part in a game show.
• Episodes: Programmes that form part of a series.
• TV crew: People who work in the studio to record or broadcast.
• Sponsors: Companies who pay money for advertising.
• Studio audience: People present to watch the recording.
• Ratings: Statistics about the number of viewers.
• Lawyers: People who give advice on legal issues.
• Viewer: Somebody who watches a show on TV.
• Cash prize: Money won in a competition.

Word Formation

• Theory - Theorists
• Belief - Believers
• Deceive - Deceit (mentira)
• Prove - Proof - Disprove
• Develop(ment): Desarrollo
• Exist(ence): Existencia
• Fly(ing): Volador
• Height(high): Alto
• Official(ly): Oficialmente
• Science(scientist): Científico
• Secret, secrecy, secretive, secretly
• Wreck(age): Restos
• Suggest - Suggestion - Suggested
• Deny - Denial - Undeniable
• Public - Publicly
• Discover - Discovery: Descubrimiento
• Fortunate - Unfortunately: Desafortunadamente
• Survive - Survivors: Supervivientes
• Invent - Invention: Invención
• Authorise - Unauthorised: No autorizados
• Legal - Illegal: Ilegal
• Harm - Harmful: Dañinos
• Destroy - Destruction: Destrucción

Grammar Notes

Direct and Indirect Questions

• The preposition is placed at the end of the question.
• The auxiliary verb do is used.
• Indirect questions: Add a formal phrase and use affirmative word order. Use who, which, what, or add whether/if.
• Verb tenses remain the same.

Question Tags

• Change affirmative to negative and vice versa.
• Use the auxiliary do if there is no main verb.
• Special cases: Memorize specific exceptions.
• Tag questions: Maintain the same polarity (positive/positive or negative/negative) for specific contexts.