Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Fundamentals

Essential Tools and Hardware Vocabulary

• Screw (tornillo)
• Washer (arandela)
• Spring (muelle)
• Clip
• Hook (gancho)
• Belt (correa)
• Nut (tuerca)
• Bolt (tornillo de cabeza)
• Clamp (abrazadera)
• Cog (rueda dentada)
• Gauge (indicador)
• Fuse (fusible)
• Drill (taladradora)
• Hose (manguera)
• Plug (enchufe)
• Socket (toma de corriente)
• Tape measure (metro)
• Ruler (regla)
• Hard hat (casco)
• Glove (guante)
• Microphone (micrófono)
• Bulb (bombilla)
• Cart (carretilla)
• Lead (alargador)
• Pallet (paleta)
• Bottle (botella)
• Pipe (tubería)
• Wheel (rueda)

Days of the Week and Seasons

Days of the Week

• Monday (lunes)
• Tuesday (martes)
• Wednesday (miércoles)
• Thursday (jueves)
• Friday (viernes)
• Saturday (sábado)
• Sunday (domingo)

Seasons

• Autumn (otoño)
• Winter (invierno)
• Summer (verano)
• Spring (primavera)

Common Actions and Adjectives

• Open (abrir)
• Hot (caliente)
• Unlock (desbloquear)
• Plug in (enchufar)
• Goodbye (despedida)
• Anti-clockwise (sentido antihorario)
• Left (izquierda)
• Turn right (girar a la derecha)
• Pull (tirar)
• Bend (doblar)

Opposite Word Pairs

• Helmet (seguridad)
• Large vs. Small
• Light vs. Heavy
• Noisy vs. Quiet
• Shallow vs. Deep
• Cheap vs. Expensive
• Full vs. Empty
• Clean vs. Dirty
• Old vs. Young
• Tight vs. Loose
• Fast vs. Slow
• Hot vs. Cold
• Correct vs. Wrong
• Early vs. Late
• Dry vs. Wet
• Blocked vs. Clear

Human Body Parts and Descriptions

The Head

Hair, nose, cheek, eyes, mouth, chin, ear, and teeth.

The Body

• Shoulder (hombro)
• Arm (brazo)
• Neck (cuello)
• Elbow (codo)
• Toes (dedos de los pies)
• Chin (barbilla)
• Cheek (pómulo)
• Chest (pecho)
• Back (espalda)
• Teeth (dientes)
• Waist (cintura)
• Knees (rodillas)
• Foot (pie)
• Hand (mano)
• Finger (dedo)
• Legs (piernas)

Physical Descriptions

• He is tall.
• His hair is short.
• He's got long hair.
• His eyes are dark.

Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Possessive Adjectives

My, your, his, her, its, our, your, and their.

• Mary is her.
• The party is his.
• Mary and the party are their.

Possessive Pronouns

• Mine (I)
• Yours (You)
• His (He)
• Hers (She)
• Ours (We)
• Yours (You)
• Theirs (They)

Ordinal Numbers and Question Words

Ordinal Numbers

First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth.

Question Words

• Why (por qué)
• What (qué/cuál)
• Where (dónde)
• How (cómo)
• When (cuándo)
• What time (a qué hora)

Grammar: Have Got and There Is/Are

• I have got a cat.
• I haven't got any sugar.
• There are some oranges.
• There aren't any books.
• Is there a book?
• Mary hasn't got any food.
• I've got some water.
• There isn't a pencil.

Negative Prefixes

• im + m: Immature
• im + p: Impolite
• ir + r: Irrelevant
• il + l: Illegal
• in: Inefficient
• un: Unnecessary
• dis: Disapprove

Present Simple: The Verb 'Need'

Third Person (He, She, It)

• (+) He needs more time.
• (-) He doesn't need more time.

Other Persons (I, You, We, They)

• (+) They need more time.
• (-) They don't need more time.

Interrogative

• (?) Do you need more time?
• Short answers: Yes, we do or No, we don't.