Essential English Vocabulary and Conditional Structures

Essential English Vocabulary

• Made improvements to: Hacer mejoras en
• Influencing: Influir en
• Make advances in: Hacer avances en
• Turning point: Punto de inflexión
• Transform life: Transformar
• Inspired: Inspirado
• Overcame these difficulties: Superó estas dificultades
• Remarkable achievement: Logro notable
• Seeking ways to improve: Buscar maneras de mejorar
• Considerable: Considerable, importante
• Dramatic: Dramático, radical
• Far-reaching: De largo alcance, trascendental
• Refreshing: Renovador, refrescante
• Subtle: Sutil
• Unexpected: Inesperado
• Looks back on: Recordar (el pasado)
• Stand up for: Defender (una causa, creencia)
• Get through: Superar (una dificultad)
• Miss out on: Perderse (una oportunidad, experiencia)
• Keep up with: Mantenerse al día con
• Get down with: (Coloquial) Estar de acuerdo con
• Get on with: Llevarse bien con
• Breakthrough: Descubrimiento importante
• Drop-off: Disminución (en cantidad o calidad)
• Changeover: Cambio (de un sistema a otro)
• Downfall: Ruina
• Setback: Revés
• Upbringing: Educación (durante la infancia)

English Conditional Structures

Zero Conditional

Structure: If + Present Simple, Present Simple
Use: For general truths, facts, and habits.
Example: If you heat ice, it melts.

First Conditional

Structure: If + Present Simple, will + infinitive
Use: For real and possible future situations.
Example: If it rains, I’ll stay at home.

Second Conditional

Structure: If + Past Simple, would + infinitive
Use: For imaginary, unlikely, or hypothetical situations in the present or future.
Example: If I were you, I’d study harder.

Third Conditional

Structure: If + Past Perfect, would have + past participle
Use: To talk about imaginary situations in the past and their unreal results.
Example: If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

Mixed Conditionals

Third to Second Mixed

Structure: If + Past Perfect, would + infinitive
Use: Past condition affecting the present.
Example: If I had gone to bed earlier, I wouldn’t be tired now.

Second to Third Mixed

Structure: If + Past Simple, would have + past participle
Use: Present unreal condition affecting the past.
Example: If I spoke French, I would have understood the song.