Essential English Verb Tenses and Grammar Structures
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Verbal Tenses
Present Simple
| Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| I study | Do I study? | I don’t study |
| You study | Do you study? | You don’t study |
| He/she/it studies | Does he/she/it study? | He/she/it doesn’t study |
| We study | Do we study? | We don’t study |
| You study | Do you study? | You don’t study |
| They study | Do they study? | They don’t study |
- Use: Habits and repeated actions / True statements.
- Adverbs: Never, rarely, not often, seldom, occasionally, sometimes, often, usually, always.
- Position: Before the main verb / After the verb "to be".
Present Continuous
| Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| I am studying | Am I studying? | I am not studying |
| You are studying | Are you studying? | You aren’t studying |
| He/she/it is studying | Is he/she/it studying? | He/she/it isn’t studying |
| We are studying | Are we studying? | We aren’t studying |
| You are studying | Are you studying? | You aren’t studying |
| They are studying | Are they studying? | They aren’t studying |
- Use: Actions happening now / Plans for the near future.
- Adverbs: Now, right now, at the moment.
- Position: Beginning or end of the sentence.
Conditionals
- First Conditional: If I pass my exams, I will go on holiday.
- Second Conditional: If I were the president, I would lower taxes.
- Third Conditional: If I had taken a map, I wouldn’t have got lost.
Passive Voice
- Present Simple: The police conduct an experiment / An experiment is conducted by the police.
- Past Simple: The writer wrote a novel / A novel was written by the writer.
- Present Continuous: The police are conducting an experiment / An experiment is being conducted by the police.