Essential Biology Concepts: Cell Division and Genetics
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Cellular Processes and Plant Adaptations
41. CAM plants keep stomata closed in the daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they fix CO2 into organic acids during the night.
Basics of Reproduction and Chromosomes
42. Asexual reproduction requires 1 individual.
43. Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
44. Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called sister chromatids.
The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
45. The genetic material is duplicated during the S phase.
46. Which of the following occurs during interphase? Cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes.
Cancer and Cell Regulation
1. The out-of-control growth of any cell during cell division results in a process known as Cancer.
2. What does the term Apoptosis mean? Programmed cell death.
3. What process occurs when cancer cells detach from tumors and spread to other parts of the body? Metastasis.
Phases of Mitosis
47. The phase of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the nucleoli disappear is called prophase.
48. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles? Metaphase.
49. During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form and the nucleoli reappear? Telophase.
Meiosis and Genetic Inheritance
50. During which stage of meiosis does synapsis and the formation of tetrads occur? Prophase I.
51. The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called cytokinesis.
52. A benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that a benign tumor does not metastasize.
53. Which of the following defines a genome? The complete set of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences.
54. Asexual reproduction occurs during mitosis.
55. If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state? Fertilization.
56. The human X and Y chromosomes include genes that determine an individual's sex.
57. Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? Sister chromatids are separated.