English Vocabulary and Grammar Reference for Students

Sports Competitions and Events

• Cycle race (Carrera ciclista)
• FA Cup Final
• League
• Long-distance race
• Marathon
• Match (Partido)
• Paralympic Games
• Sporting event
• Tournament (Torneo)
• Walking race

Injuries and Physical Safety

• Break your neck (Romperse el cuello)
• Disabled (Discapacitado)
• Fall over / Have a fall (Caerse)
• Get injured (Lesionarse)
• Hurt yourself (Lastimarse)
• Tragedy
• Wheelchair (Silla de ruedas)

Personality Traits

• Adventurous (Aventurero)
• Aggressive
• Arrogant
• Brave (Bravo)
• Caring (Bondadosa)
• Charming (Encantador)
• Cheeky (Descarada)
• Childish (Infantil)
• Creative
• Dynamic
• Easy-going (Tranquilo)
• Fascinating
• Friendly
• Hard-working
• Imaginative
• Immature
• Jealous (Celoso)
• Kind (Amable)
• Lazy (Vago)
• Mature (Maduro)
• Nervous
• Popular
• Reliable (De confianza)
• Realistic
• Rude (Maleducado)
• Selfish (Egoísta)
• Sense of humor (Sentido del humor)
• Tolerant
• Unhappy

Appearance and Age

• Adorable
• Attractive
• Bald (Calvo) / Baldness (Calvicie)
• Blond (Rubio)
• Cheek (Mejilla)
• Chin (Barbilla)
• Cool
• Curly
• Dark long hair
• Cute (Tierno)

Family Members

• Ancestor
• Ex-husband / Ex-wife
• Father-in-law (Suegro)
• Uncle / Aunt (Tío / Tía)
• Stepbrother (Hermanastro)
• Second husband (Segundo esposo)
• Niece (Sobrina)
• Nephew (Sobrino)
• Half-brother (Medio hermano)

Sports Venues and Equipment

Venues

• Basketball/Volleyball court
• Boxing/Wrestling ring
• Cricket/Football/Rugby/Hockey pitch
• Cycle/Motor racing track
• Golf course
• Squash/Tennis court
• Sailing club (Club náutico)

Equipment and People

• Equipment: Badminton/Squash/Tennis racket, Baseball/Cricket bat, Golf club
• People: Athlete (Atleta), Captain (Capitán), Coach/Trainer (Entrenador), Fan, Footballer (Futbolista), Opponent/Opposing team, Referee, Rival, Runner (Corredor), Spectator (Espectador)

English Verb Tenses

Present Perfect Simple

Used to highlight an action that began in the past and continues to the present.

Structure: (I/We/You/They + have) / (He/She/It + has) + past participle. Often used with: just, already, never, yet, for, since.

Present Perfect Continuous

Structure: (I/We/You/They + have been) / (He/She/It + has been) + verb-ing. Used with: the last year, since 2010.

Past Simple

Describes actions that occurred and finished in the past.

Structure: Subject + verb-ed (or irregular). Negative: didn't + base verb. Used with: yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in 1990, last night.

Past Continuous

Structure: (We/You/They + were) / (He/She/It + was) + verb-ing. Used with: while, at the moment, when.