English Language Study Notes: Vocabulary and Tenses
Classified in Spanish
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1. Medical Symptoms and Conditions
- To be swollen - Estar hinchado
- To be unconscious - Estar inconsciente
- Feel dizzy - Estar mareado/a
- Have a bruise - Tener un hematoma
- Have a rash - Tener sarpullido
- Have blurred vision - Visión borrosa
- Have indigestion - Tener indigestión
- Have memory loss - Pérdida de memoria
- Slurred speech - Habla fatigada
- Pass out - Desmayarse
- Shiver - Temblar
- Throw up - Vomitar
2. Verbs and Communication
- Reveal - Revelar
- Interpret - Interpretar
- Figure out - Averiguar
- Criticise - Criticado/a
- Reject - Rechazado
- Capture - Capturar
- Point at - Señalar a
- Get across - Atravesar
- Highlight - Destacar
- Illustrate - Ilustrar
3. Phrasal Verbs and Adverbs
- Open up - Talk about something with someone
- Move on - Stop talking about something
- Keep it to yourself - Don't reveal
- Own up - Admit to having done something
- Butt in - Interrupt
- Stick up for - Help someone when they are in a difficult situation
Eventually - Eventualmente | Silently - Silenciosamente | Appreciate - Agradecer | Crawl - Gatear | Thoroughly - Minuciosamente | Fascinating - Fascinante
4. Professions
- Animator - Animador
- Architect - Arquitecto
- Artisan - Artesano
- Camera operator - Operador de cámara
- Cartoonist - Dibujante
- Cinematographer - Director de fotografía
- Illustrator - Ilustrador
- Sculptor - Escultor
- Video game designer - Diseñador de videojuegos
5. English Grammar Tenses
Past Simple
Form: -ed / 2nd column. Keywords: When, ago, yesterday, last month/year/week. Negative/Question: didn't + verb / Did + subject + verb?
Past Continuous
Form: Was/Were + -ing. Usage: Incomplete actions. Keywords: While, as, when. (Was/were + -ing = long action; 2nd column = short action).
Present Perfect Simple
Form: Have/Has + 3rd column. Keywords: Since, yet, already, ever.
Past Perfect
Form: Had + 3rd column. Usage: Action finished before another past action. Keywords: Before, by the time, after, already.
Future Forms
- Present Simple: Schedules/transport (he/she/it + s).
- Present Continuous: Short-term plans (this evening, today).
- Be going to: Predictions based on evidence; prior intentions.
- Future Simple (Will): Spontaneous decisions, promises, offers, predictions (think).
- Future Continuous: Will be + -ing (action in progress in the future).
- Future Perfect: Will have + 3rd column (action finished in the future by a specific time).