English Language Study Notes: Suffixes, Phrasal Verbs, and Grammar
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English Suffixes
Common suffixes include: -al, -able, -ous, -ful, -less, -ic, -ive, -ed, -ing.
Phrasal Verbs and Expressions
- Apply for: demanar
- Bring up: criar
- Fit in: encaixar
- Grow apart: separar-se
- Live up to: igualar
- Look up to: admirar
- Name after: dir-se com
- Side with: ajuntar-se
- Stand out: ressaltar
- Stay away: mantenir-se a part
- Take after: semblar-se
- Aware of: adonar-se
- Easy-going: de tracte fàcil
The Verb 'Get'
- Get a job: aconseguir feina
- Get along: portar-se bé
- Get an award: rebre un premi
- Get back: tornar
- Get dark: fer-se fosc
- Get divorced: divorciar-se
- Get engaged: prometre's
- Get good marks: treure bones notes
- Get home: arribar a casa
- Get lost: perdre's
- Get old: fer-se gran
- Get permission: obtenir permís
- Get pocket money: rebre diners de butxaca
- Get there: arribar
- Get tired: cansar-se
- Get to school: arribar a l'escola
Weather Vocabulary
- Blizzard: tempesta de neu
- Breeze: brisa
- Cold spell: fred esgarrifós
- Clear up: aclarir
- Damage: dany
- Develop: desenvolupar
- Drought: sequera
- Dust storm: tempesta de pols
- Forecast: predicció
- Frostbite: congelació
- Hailstone: graniç
- Hailstorm: granitzada
- Heatwave: onada de calor
- Increase: augmentar
- Land: terra
- Rainbow: arc de Sant Martí
- Raindrop: gota de pluja
- Rainfall: precipitacions
- Rainstorm: tempesta
- Sandstorm: tempesta de sorra
- Shade: ombra
- Snowfall: nevada
- Snowflake: floc de neu
- Snowstorm: tempesta de neu
- Sunshine: sol
- Sunstroke: insolació
- Thunder: tro
- Pour: ploure molt
- Chilly: fred
- Muggy: xafogor
- Overcast: nuvolat
- Freezing cold: molt fred
Gerunds vs. Infinitives
Gerunds (-ing)
- Used after: consider, continue, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, finish, hate, like, love, miss, prefer, recommend, suggest, etc.
- Used after prepositions.
- Used after: be used to, get used to, can't help.
- Used as the subject of a sentence.
Infinitives (to + verb)
- Used after: agree, appear, choose, decide, expect, hope, learn, plan, promise, refuse, seem, want, wish.
- Used after adjectives and adverbs.
Special Verb Patterns
- Forget + Gerund: Negative phrase, never forget.
- Forget + Infinitive: To forget to do something.
- Remember + Gerund: Something done in the past.
- Remember + Infinitive: To remember to do a task (instruction).
- Stop + Gerund: To quit a habit.
- Stop + Infinitive: To pause an activity to do something else.