English Grammar and Vocabulary Mastery for Science Students
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Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary
Reading Exercises
- -1R: Dramatical, They have been, That is, until, Now while, They raise.
- -2n: A current, For example, however they, Also while, At the moment.
- -3r: So how do, According to experts, They warn, Some researchers.
- -4t: Another interesting, How can, Design fiction, While computer, Humans.
- -5t: Although, they just, design fiction, this type, the aim, after all.
Vocabulary (P188): Binomial Pairs
Common English binomials: cause and effect, supply and demand, pros and cons, forgive and forget, backwards and forwards, live and learn, peace and quiet, safety and health, thunder and lightning, right or wrong, now or never, more or less, sooner or later, all or nothing, once or twice, dead or alive, rain or shine, sick and tired, bits and pieces, now and again, wait and see, by and large, law and order, safe and sound, touch and go.
Scientific Terminology
| Subject | Person | Adjective |
|---|---|---|
| Science | Scientist | Scientific |
| Physics | Physicist | Physical |
| Chemistry | Chemist | Chemical |
| Biology | Biologist | Biological |
| Astronomy | Astronomer | Astronomical |
| Genetics | Geneticist | Genetic |
| Botany | Botanist | Botanical |
| Zoology | Zoologist | Zoological |
Grammar: Articles
A / AN (Indefinite)
- First mention.
- To say what something or someone is.
- Used with singular countable nouns.
THE (Definite)
- Already mentioned.
- Clear context.
- Unique items.
Zero Article (-)
- General terms (plural or uncountable nouns).
- Phrases: go/come home, go to bed, last week/year/Monday.
The and Institutions
No 'The'
- Countries (general), continents, regions, islands, states, cities, streets, parks, shops, single lakes/mountains.
- Exception: The USA, The UK, The Netherlands.
Use 'The'
- Mountain ranges, rivers, seas, deserts, island groups, theatres, hotels, cinemas, museums.
Institutions (School, Hospital, etc.)
- No article: Purpose (e.g., at school - to study).
- With 'The': Location (e.g., the school - the building).
Quantifiers
- All / Every / Most: All (general) | All of + the/my/these/pronoun (specific) | Every + singular noun + singular verb | Most (majority, general) | Most of + the/my/these/pronoun (specific) | Everybody / Everyone / Everything + singular verb.
- No / None / Any: No + noun | None (without noun) | Any (questions and negatives).
- Both / Neither / Either: Both … and … (both) | Neither … nor … (none) | Either … or … (one or the other) | Both / Neither / Either + of + pronoun.