English Grammar Essentials and Vocabulary Reference
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Personality Adjectives and Meanings
- Self-confident: segur
- Prudish: mitjigat
- Square: mente antigua
- Moody: bipolar
- Shy: vergonyós
- Naive: innocent
- Rude: maleducat
- Greedy: codiciós
- Reliable: confiable
- Cool: guay
- Polite: educat
- Unconventional: poc convencional
- Outgoing: extravertit
- Skeptical: desconfiat
- Easy-going: amigable o senzill
- Cheerful: feliç
- Kind: cuidadós
Adjective Endings
-ing (ser) / -ed (estar)
Sports and Activities: Go, Play, and Do
- Go: go + sport -ing (e.g., run a marathon, a race)
- Play: d’equip o pilota
- Do: els altres
Adverbs of Manner
Quickly, loud or loudly, seriously, easily, fast, good (well), slowly, correctly, hopefully, hard or hardly.
Collocations: Make and Do
- Make: money, mistakes, decision, the bed, tea, breakfast
- Do: homework, business, well, badly, the cleaning, the washing up, the shopping
Reflexive Pronouns
I myself, you yourself, he himself, she herself, it itself, we ourselves, you yourselves, they themselves.
Quantifiers and Nouns
- How much: preguntes incontables
- How many: preguntes comptables
- Large amount: gran quantitat
- Great number: gran nombre
- Few: una mica (comptable)
- Little: poquet (uncountable)
- Many: countable nouns (+, -, ?)
- Much: uncountable nouns (-, ?)
- Amount: quantitat
- A lot of: molts (-, ?, uncountable and countable nouns)
Passive Voice Tense Transformations
- Present Simple: The mechanic repairs the car → The car is repaired by the mechanic.
- Present Continuous: The mechanic is repairing the car → The car is being repaired by the mechanic.
- Past Simple: The mechanic repaired the car yesterday → Yesterday the car was repaired by the mechanic.
- Past Continuous: The mechanic was repairing the car → The car was being repaired by the mechanic.
- Present Perfect Simple: The mechanic has repaired the car → The car has been repaired by the mechanic.
- Past Perfect Simple: The mechanic had repaired the car → The car had been repaired by the mechanic.
- Will Future: The mechanic will repair the car → The car will be repaired by the mechanic.
- Infinitive Simple/Perfect: To repair → To have repaired.
- Going to Future: The mechanic is going to repair the car → The car is going to be repaired by the mechanic.
- Modal Verbs: The mechanic can repair the car → The car can be repaired by the mechanic. The mechanic should repair the car → The car should be repaired by the mechanic.