English Grammar Essentials and Vocabulary Reference

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Personality Adjectives and Meanings

  • Self-confident: segur
  • Prudish: mitjigat
  • Square: mente antigua
  • Moody: bipolar
  • Shy: vergonyós
  • Naive: innocent
  • Rude: maleducat
  • Greedy: codiciós
  • Reliable: confiable
  • Cool: guay
  • Polite: educat
  • Unconventional: poc convencional
  • Outgoing: extravertit
  • Skeptical: desconfiat
  • Easy-going: amigable o senzill
  • Cheerful: feliç
  • Kind: cuidadós

Adjective Endings

-ing (ser) / -ed (estar)

Sports and Activities: Go, Play, and Do

  • Go: go + sport -ing (e.g., run a marathon, a race)
  • Play: d’equip o pilota
  • Do: els altres

Adverbs of Manner

Quickly, loud or loudly, seriously, easily, fast, good (well), slowly, correctly, hopefully, hard or hardly.

Collocations: Make and Do

  • Make: money, mistakes, decision, the bed, tea, breakfast
  • Do: homework, business, well, badly, the cleaning, the washing up, the shopping

Reflexive Pronouns

I myself, you yourself, he himself, she herself, it itself, we ourselves, you yourselves, they themselves.

Quantifiers and Nouns

  • How much: preguntes incontables
  • How many: preguntes comptables
  • Large amount: gran quantitat
  • Great number: gran nombre
  • Few: una mica (comptable)
  • Little: poquet (uncountable)
  • Many: countable nouns (+, -, ?)
  • Much: uncountable nouns (-, ?)
  • Amount: quantitat
  • A lot of: molts (-, ?, uncountable and countable nouns)

Passive Voice Tense Transformations

  • Present Simple: The mechanic repairs the car → The car is repaired by the mechanic.
  • Present Continuous: The mechanic is repairing the car → The car is being repaired by the mechanic.
  • Past Simple: The mechanic repaired the car yesterday → Yesterday the car was repaired by the mechanic.
  • Past Continuous: The mechanic was repairing the car → The car was being repaired by the mechanic.
  • Present Perfect Simple: The mechanic has repaired the car → The car has been repaired by the mechanic.
  • Past Perfect Simple: The mechanic had repaired the car → The car had been repaired by the mechanic.
  • Will Future: The mechanic will repair the car → The car will be repaired by the mechanic.
  • Infinitive Simple/Perfect: To repair → To have repaired.
  • Going to Future: The mechanic is going to repair the car → The car is going to be repaired by the mechanic.
  • Modal Verbs: The mechanic can repair the car → The car can be repaired by the mechanic. The mechanic should repair the car → The car should be repaired by the mechanic.

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