English Grammar Cheat Sheet: Tenses and Structures
Classified in Teaching & Education
Written on in 
English with a size of 3.72 KB
English Grammar Reference Table
This table provides a clear comparison of essential English grammatical structures and their Spanish equivalents.
| Structure | English Example | Spanish Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | I play football every day. | Juego al fútbol todos los días. |
| Present Continuous | I am playing football now. | Estoy jugando al fútbol ahora. |
| Past Simple | I played football yesterday. | Jugué al fútbol ayer. |
| Past Continuous | I was playing football when it started to rain. | Estaba jugando al fútbol cuando empezó a llover. |
| Present Perfect | She has visited Paris many times. | Ella ha visitado París muchas veces. |
| Past Perfect | She had visited Paris before she went to London. | Ella había visitado París antes de ir a Londres. |
| Future Continuous | I will be studying at 8 pm. | Estaré estudiando a las 8 pm. |
| Future Perfect | I will have finished my homework by tomorrow. | Habré terminado mi tarea para mañana. |
| Second Conditional | If I had a car, I would drive to the beach. | Si tuviera un coche, iría a la playa. |
| Third Conditional | If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. | Si hubiera estudiado más, habría aprobado el examen. |
| Active → Passive | They build houses. → Houses are built. | Ellos construyen casas → Las casas son construidas. |
| Reported Speech | “I am tired,” he said. → He said (that) he was tired. | “Estoy cansado,” dijo → Él dijo que estaba cansado. |
| Relative Pronoun – who | The boy who plays football is my friend. | El chico que juega al fútbol es mi amigo. |
| Relative Pronoun – which | The book which is on the table is mine. | El libro que está sobre la mesa es mío. |
| Relative Pronoun – that | The car that I bought is red. | El coche que compré es rojo. |
| Relative Pronoun – where | The park where we met is beautiful. | El parque donde nos encontramos es hermoso. |
| Modal – can | I can swim. | Sé nadar. |
| Modal – must | You must study. | Debes estudiar. |
| Modal – should | You should eat more vegetables. | Deberías comer más verduras. |
| Modal – might | It might rain tomorrow. | Podría llover mañana. |
| Modal – have to | I have to finish my homework. | Tengo que terminar mi tarea. |
| Modal – ought to | You ought to apologize. | Deberías disculparte. |
| Modal Perfect – must have | He must have left early. | Seguro que se fue temprano. |
| Modal Perfect – should have | She should have called you. | Ella debió haberte llamado. |
| Modal Perfect – might have | It might have rained yesterday. | Quizá llovió ayer. |