Energy Resources and Minerals in India: Key Concepts

Measures to Conserve Energy Resources

"Energy saved is energy produced." Justify the statement by giving any six measures to conserve energy resources.

• Use public transport systems instead of individual vehicles.
• Switch off electricity when it is not in use.
• Use power-saving devices.
• Use non-conventional sources of energy.
• Use power-saving electrical appliances.
• Minimize the use of high power-consuming electrical gadgets, i.e., air conditioners, room heaters, etc.

Minerals: Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Types

What is a mineral? Distinguish between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.

Answer: A mineral is a homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure. Ferrous minerals are composed of iron matter, i.e., iron, nickel, and manganese, while non-ferrous minerals do not have iron content, for example, gold and copper.

India's Dependence on Coal Energy

"India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirements." Support the statement with three arguments.

• Coal provides a substantial part of the nation’s energy needs.
• It is used for power generation.
• It supplies energy to industry as well as for domestic needs.

Importance and Oil Fields of Petroleum

State the importance of petroleum as an energy resource. Mention any four oil fields of India.

Answer: Petroleum is the next major energy source in India after coal. Petroleum provides fuel for heat and lighting, lubricants for machinery, and raw materials for a number of manufacturing industries—synthetic textiles, fertilizers, and numerous chemical industries.

• Mumbai High
• Ankeleshwar, Gujarat
• Digboi, Assam
• Bassein, Arabian Sea

Necessity of Conserving Energy Resources

Why do we need to conserve energy resources? Write two ways to conserve energy resources.

Answer: The energy needs of the country are tremendously increasing with the growth of the economy. It is, therefore, necessary to conserve energy resources. The two ways to conserve energy resources are as follows:

• Promotion of energy conservation.
• Increased use of renewable energy sources.

Petroleum Distribution and Occurrence in India

Explain the importance, occurrence, and distribution of petroleum in India.

• Petroleum is the next major energy source in India after coal.
• Petroleum occurrences in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps in the rock formations of the Tertiary age.
• About 63 percent of India’s petroleum production is from Mumbai High, 18 percent from Gujarat, and 16 percent from Assam. Ankeleshwar is the most important oil field of Gujarat, while Assam is the oldest oil-producing state in India.