Endocrine Functions of the Pancreas and Other Organ Systems

NO BANK/FIB-MULTI Panceras

Endocrine Functions § Pancreatic islets § Secrete hormones insulin and glucagon into blood Exocrine functions § Secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum § Alkaline fluid introduced with enzymes neutralizes chyme from stomach Pancreatic Juice

• Water, bicarbonate solution, enzymes
• Bicarbonate solution: neutralizes gastric HCL & shift pH of duodenum to 8
• Enzymes: § Pancreatic amylase: digests salts § Trypsinogen - digests proteins § Lipase - digests triglycerides

Agriculture:

Deliberate land modification through plant cultivation and raising animals for food or profit Dominant economic activity Requires physical and demographic contributions in regions

Hemoglobin:

Globin combined with 4 iron atoms • 280 million molecules per RBC • Forms weak electrical bonds with O2 or CO2 • Oxyhemoglobin • Carboxyhemoglobin..Erythrocytes

Vocal folds:

Enclosed by ligaments Behind thyroid cartilage Produce vocal sounds Controlled by skeletal mm Taut rapid vibration = higher pitch Low mm tension = lower pitch

Bronchi: Tree :

Primary Bronchi 1 / Lung Secondary Bronchi 1 / Lobe Tertiary Bronchi Plates of cartilage Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles Respiratory bronchioles Alveoli

Nodal tissue:

• Acts as a pacemaker
• Forms conduction system
• Sinoatrial Node (SA)
• Atrioventricular Node (AV)
• Purkinje Fibers

Pericardium

2 layer connective tissue

Atria

receiving chamber § Top of heart

Ventricle

sending chamber § Bottom of heart

Systemic & Pulmonary Circuit

DBL Pump Left side of heart: § Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation § Larger cardiac muscle Right side of heart: § Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation to the alveoli

Capillaries

Line avelorar sack, Internal REsperation

Artery

Away from Heart

Vein

To Heart.§ Take blood TOWARD the heart § Three layers of tissue but less wall strength due to lower pressures § Serves as a blood volume reservoir § 3 mechanisms that help veins

1. Contraction of muscles
2. One-way valves
3. Movements associated with breathing