Effective Job Design and Work Measurement for Productivity
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Characteristics of Effective Job Design
Effective job design incorporates employee input. Employees must have the option to vary activities according to their personal needs, work habits, and the circumstances in the workplace.
- Give employees a sense of accomplishment.
- Include training so employees know what tasks to do and how to do them properly.
- Provide good working hours and rest.
- Allow an adjustment period for physically demanding work.
- Provide feedback to employees regarding their performance.
- Minimize energy expenditure and force requirements.
- Balance static and dynamic work.
Job design is an ongoing process. The goal is to make adjustments as conditions change or as tasks within the workplace evolve.
Operations as a Competitive Weapon
- Role of Operations: Alignment of business strategy.
- Differential Skills Development: Contribution to the strategy decision system.
- Operations as a Competitive Weapon: Enhancing skills and management skills.
- Process and Resources: Technology capabilities and characteristics of work areas.
- Stock Levels: Throughout the supply chain.
- Differentiation: Project quality, service response times, and measurement information systems.
Work Measurement
The International Labour Organization (ILO) states that measuring industry work is the application of techniques to determine the time it takes a skilled worker to perform a defined task, carried out according to a predetermined performance standard. Knowledge of the time required for each operation in a production system is fundamental in the field of industrial organization, as part of management.
Applications:
- Determine the price of manufacturing.
- Cost-effective calculation of task allocation and balance.
- Determination of machine production capacity and facilities.
- Establishment of a production workshop program.
Objectives of Time Study
- Minimize the time required to implement work.
- Conserve resources and minimize production costs.
- Carry out work without losing sight of the availability of energy.
- Provide a product that is increasingly reliable and of high quality.
Study of Movement
- Eliminate or reduce inefficient movements.
- Speed up efficient movements.
Timing
Background: Division of work in incremental stages, establishing precise cutoffs. Measurement of time, correcting each phase of a trial of activity. Conversion of observed times into basic times. Determination of supplements that are added to the basic time of the operation.
Phases in the Development of Timing:
- Data collection in the workplace.
- Analysis and counting of data in the office.
- Drafting sheet analysis.
Rate of Rest
Ratio of measured time for each elementary phase, so that the operator can retrieve the work-generated fatigue.
Default Time
For this procedure, times are determined by splitting operations whose duration is found in micromotion tables. The basis of any predetermined time system is the fact that changes in the time required to perform the same movement are significantly smaller for different workers who have received adequate training.
Time Standards
Time standards measure the duration of a particular industrial activity to use as a reference. For this reason, it is vital to do it with all rigor and care in its preparation, since in some cases it will serve as a basis for planning work, in others to know the capacity of the machines, determine the personnel needed for developing a particular assembly, or to establish variable remuneration systems (productivity bonuses). To the extent that the time standard applicable to a method or process of working with high added value, we will get a higher return on our resources.
Capital Management
Capital management is the activity through which resources flow within a defined system. They are combined and processed in a controlled manner to add value, according to the objectives of the organization.
Objectives
- To present the operations function as a generator of sustainable competitive advantages.
- Describe the operating system and the generation of decisions required.
- Relate business functions to the area of operations.
Time Measurement Systems
There are four basic procedures for the measurement of time:
- Timing systems.
- Predetermined time.
- Sampling of work.
- Data type / Standard time.