Effective Communication: Language Registers, Grammar, and Rhyme

Talk: Spontaneous Verbal Exchanges

Spontaneous succession of verbal exchanges where sender and receiver roles alternate.

Linguistic Registers

Adaptations of the use of language to the communicative situation.

Types

• Formal: lexical richness and syntactic accuracy.
• Colloquial: average level in daily communication.
• Vulgar: improprieties of any kind and slang; low cultural level.

Communicating Effectively

• Make your contribution as informative as requested, but no more.
• I believe only what is true.
• Provide only information that is supported by the case.
• Be clear, orderly, and precise.

The Comma

The comma marks a brief pause and can separate different sentences or elements within the same sentence.

Use:

• To separate different terms in an enumeration.
• To separate sentence members or clauses that form a sentence.
• Before or after an appositive or clarification.
• When a noun complements another noun without a preposition (noun apposition).
• Before and after the vocative.
• To enclose explanatory participial phrases and adjectives.
• To avoid repeating the same verb (ellipsis situations).
• With comma-set expressions, e.g., that is, so, however, both.
• When a subordinate clause appears before the main clause.

Sentence

Has a complete sense; does not depend on a larger unit, and intonation indicates the end of the sentence.

Subject

Subject: the doer of the action.

Predicate

Predicate: what is said about the subject.

The subject is often a noun phrase (NP), a pronoun, an infinitive, a conditional clause, etc.

It is identified when it agrees in number with the verb.

It may be represented by a personal pronoun and show number when it agrees with the verb.

Subjects in Non-sentences

Impersonal Sentences

• Single-person: atmospheric phenomena (e.g., "It is raining").
• Grammaticalized: verbs used impersonally in constructions where the verb is necessarily impersonal.
• Sentences where the verb is conjugated with the reflexive pronoun; verb in 3rd person.

Predicates in Non-sentences

(Predicates in non-sentential constructions and impersonal forms.)

A Proverb

A proverb is a short phrase that summarizes a thought or offers educational advice.

Lyric

Lyric includes works that emphasize the expression of feelings and the transmission of personal emotions.

A verse form of expression is characteristic of lyric poetry.

The rhyme is the equality or similarity of sounds between two or more verses from the last accented vowel onward.

Types:

• Consonant rhyme: repetition of vowels and consonants in the same order from the last stressed vowel of the verse.
• Assonance: repetition of vowel sounds from the last stressed vowel of the final word of the verse.