Developmental Psychology and Cognitive Aging Analysis

Psychology: Cognitive and Developmental Processes

Psychology 3

Memory Alterations in Aging

When memory alterations occur in old age, there are three factors that explain them. What are these factors? The three factors are: environmental variables, biological factors, and deficits in information processing.

Normative vs. Quasi-Normative Changes

What is the difference between normative and quasi-normative change? Normative rules apply to all human beings. Changes may also be quasi-normative, which refer to evolutionary transitions and developmental processes related to specific contents.

Factors Influencing Attachment Development

There are four major factors influencing the formation of attachment:

• Characteristics of the attachment figure.
• Institutionalization and deprivation.
• Maternal parenting quality.
• Characteristics of the child.

A child's difficult temperament does not necessarily lead to insecure attachment; it depends on how parents adjust their behavior in a harmonious way.

Impact of Aging on Intelligence

Which type of intelligence is affected by aging? Fluid intelligence.

The Stem Family Model Structure

What integrates the stem family model? The stem family system is characterized by the presence in the home of several generations of a family lineage, including great-grandparents, grandparents, parents, and children.

Information Processing in Cognition

In the study of cognition, which approach uses concepts, categories, and memory? The information processing approach.

Benefits of Play in Child Development

How does play benefit the child? Play favors:

• Intellectual, motor, and emotional development.
• Language proficiency.
• Social acquisitions and communication skills.
• The transformation of ideas and feelings into action.
• Exploration of the world.

Piaget’s Pre-operational Stage Limitations

In the development of a child's cognitive thinking during the pre-operational stage (2-6 years), according to Piaget, there are certain limitations. What are these limitations?

• Perceptual appearance and unobservable traits.
• Centration vs. decentration.
• States vs. transformations.
• Irreversibility vs. reversibility.

Democratic Parenting and Socialization

In family socialization and child development processes, there are dimensions that correlate with parenting styles. Which parenting style correlates with high control and demands combined with high communication and affection? The Democratic style.

Psychological Impact of Unemployment

Work provides five characteristics that are affected by the situation of unemployment. These five characteristics are:

• Structuring of time.
• Extension of social experience beyond the familiar and the emotional.
• Participation in community projects.
• Status of work or identity achieved through one's own efforts.
• Connection with reality and organization of everyday experience in terms of reality.