Denmark

ITALIAN UNIFICATION:
In 1815 Italy was divided into mixed states (Lombardy and Veneto) under the control autriaco. In 1830 he formed the Risorgimento advocated by Giuseppe Mazzini. This posed a democratic republic which would arrive by the popular uprising. In Piedmont constitutional rule was consolidated under the Savoy monarchy. His chief govierno, Cavour promoted uan strategy for unification. King Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour govierno chief got these strategies by joining with France to defeat the Austrian annexation of Lombardy and the central states, acambio would cede Nice and Savoy to France.
Giussepe Garibaldi began the conquest of the south and a small army with liquid the Bourbon regime. Garibaldi resigned from the Republican perspective and ceded to Victor Emmanuel II achievements acknowledged king of Italy.
All this was completed with the annexation of the Veneto after defeating the autriacos and conquer the Papal States, despite the opposition of Pope, was reduced to the Vatican. Was faced with 3 problems: The hostility of the papacy, the contrast between a norteidustrializado and a backward agrarian south and, the unit carácterincompleto as Istria and Trent remained under Austrian rule.

THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY:
In the eighteenth century German nationalism cultural components were established by philosophers such as Herder and Fichte, which were reinforced with romanticism.
The Congress of Vienna established the Germanic Confederation in 39 states. The first step was the creation of the Zollverein which established a free market movement was incorporated into Prussia but not in Austria and Prussia began evideciarse which would start the process of unifying. During the revolution of '48, liberal and democratic sectors formed a parliament in Frankfurt, which offered the crown of Germany to be Frederick William IV. But the Prussian monarchy rejected the offer and set a strategy in the hands of Otto von Bismarck. Direct the Prussian unification. This strategy made a war with Denmark with which annexed the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. There was another war with Austria to the overthrow, and one with France.
There was a military victory and proclaimed himself the Second Reich with William I as Emperor. The unification left unresolved two things: the duality of religion and the incomplete nature of unification to integrate non-Germans in Austria.