Cultural Factors in Global Marketing and Innovation

Cultural Factors in Global Marketing

The following statements highlight key aspects of cultural understanding in international business and marketing:

1. The cultural environment of a country is best defined by its citizens':
   • C) Attitudes, beliefs, and values.
2. If you have a friend from India who is a vegetarian:
   • A) "Vegetarian" represents a value, and the way they eat represents an attitude.
3. There is nothing inherently "good" or "bad" about any color:
   • D) Red color is highly preferred in many countries.
4. The use of this color dates back millennia:
   • C) Blue.
5. Cultural influences are also quite apparent in food preferences:
   • C) Italians perceived McDonald's products negatively at first.
6. While some food preferences remain deeply ingrained:
   • C) The growing number of McDonald's restaurants globally indicates a shift.
7. As cultural differences become less relevant:
   • B) American fast foods are becoming more popular worldwide.
8. American Nancy McKinstry, CEO of Wolters Kluwer, faced challenges in The Netherlands due to:
   • B) Semantics.
9. An intern from the United Kingdom working in an American company struggled with the phrase "to table a proposal" due to:
   • D) Semantics.
10. Linguists have divided the study of languages into:
    • C) Morphology.
11. Anheuser-Busch and Miller Brewing both experienced issues with non-alcoholic beer in the Middle East because of:
    • B) Having reduced alcohol levels.
12. When Coca-Cola was developing its Dasani bottled water, the name caused issues in some markets due to:
    • C) Phonology.
13. In China, Dell had to find a meaningful interpretation for "direct sales" because it sounded like:
    • A) Direct orders.
14. Colgate discovered that in Spanish, "Colgate" is phonetically similar to a command:
    • B) Phonology and morphology.
15. Giving business cards with the left hand in Malaysia is a cultural faux pas. This shows how:
    • C) People pick up nonverbal cues unconsciously.
16. A vice-president of an American software company experienced a cultural misunderstanding in India related to:
    • C) Customs, hierarchies, and class structure.
17. A characteristic of a low-context culture is:
    • C) Messages are explicit and specific.
18. In high-context cultures, time is:
    • B) Polychronic.
19. Insisting on competitive bidding is more common in:
    • A) Low-context cultures.
20. Lawyers are more important in:
    • A) Low-context cultures.
21. According to Geert Hofstede, cultures can be classified based on:
    • E) Long-term orientation.
22. Two countries that score high in uncertainty avoidance are:
    • C) Greece and Portugal.
23. Long-term values include all of the following except:
    • A) Dynamism.
24. Which is *not* considered a long-term value:
    • E) Search for truth.
25. The power distance dimension reflects the degree to which:
    • B) Lower is the level of trust.
26. Danes generally are not afraid of taking chances. This is reflected in their:
    • B) Uncertainty Avoidance.
27. European consumers have faced a number of food-related issues. This is related to:
    • D) Uncertainty Avoidance.
28. Procter & Gamble's introduction of All-Temperature Cheer in Japan was an example of:
    • D) Self-reference criterion.
29. The Walt Disney Company's decision to serve wine in their French theme park was due to:
    • D) Disney executives being blinded by their American cultural background.
30. Which of the following best sums up the experience of Walt Disney Company in France:
    • B) They fell victim to the self-reference criterion.
31. The lesson that the Self-Reference Criterion (SRC) teaches:
    • C) Unbiased perception is a vital and critical skill in global marketing.
32. When Walt Disney Company's executives were planning to build a theme park in France, they should have adopted:
    • C) A geocentric management orientation.
33. One of the basic elements of sociologist Everett Roger's Diffusion Theory is:
    • E) Awareness.
34. Which of the following shows the correct order of the product adoption process:
    • D) Awareness → Interest → Evaluation → Trial → Adoption.
35. Which of the following can negatively influence the rate of diffusion of a product:
    • C) High complexity.
36. That floppy disks are being dumped in favor of USB flash drives shows the impact of:
    • B) Relative advantage.
37. To speed adoption of a new product, marketers should:
    • A) Ensure that features and benefits provide superior value.
38. In the 1990s, Philips Electronics developed a new VCR that was difficult to use. This impacted:
    • C) Compatibility.
39. Together, innovators and early adopters make up about:
    • A) 16.0%.
40. If a marketing manager plans to enter a country like Brazil, the adoption process is likely to proceed:
    • C) Much faster than in the home market.
41. A few years ago, Philips Electronics developed a new VCR, but only a few people bought it. This indicates:
    • B) Innovators bought, but early adopters did not.
42. Adopter categories are classifications of individuals based on their:
    • B) Innovativeness.
43. Which of the following is true about the innovation diffusion process in Asia:
    • E) All of the above are true.
44. Comparing and contrasting the diffusion process in Western countries and Asia shows that:
    • B) In Asia, the adoption process begins more slowly but accelerates more quickly.
45. Which of the following is arranged in the *correct* order of diffusion, from slowest to fastest:
    • A) Food → Computers → Integrated circuits.
46. The ________ the level of environmental sensitivity, the ________ the need for managers to address country-specific conditions:
    • A) Greater; greater.
47. Which of the following is true about "coffee culture" in England:
    • B) American entrepreneurs were the first to capitalize on the trend.
48. Despite the fact that the American team was composed of college players, the U.S. triumph over Russia in 1980 was hailed as a victory. The licensee for Olympic apparel is:
    • E) FIFA has chosen Total Apparel Group.
49. Coca-Cola billboards were recently removed from the vicinity of the Taj Mahal. This was due to:
    • C) Severe lack of funds for historic renovation.
50. A massive effort dubbed the "Moses Project" was launched in Venice, Italy, to:
    • D) Prevent flooding.