Communication: Channels, Functions, Text Types, and Linguistic Variations
Classified in Language
Written at on English with a size of 6.12 KB.
Communication Channels
Channel:
- Oral / Written
- Spontaneous / Prepared
- Simultaneous Time / Non-simultaneous
- Space Shared / Unshared
Time and Space Considerations
- Direct: Time shared
- Deferred: Time is not shared
- Location: Time and space shared
Receiver Considerations
- Unidirectional: One receiver
- Multidirectional: Multiple receivers
Sender Considerations
- Unilateral: One sender
- Multilateral: Multiple senders
Communication Contexts
-
Academic:
- Intention: Transmit and find information about fields
- Formal language, use of terminology
-
Literary:
- Intention: Varied, entertainment
- Presence of rhetorical figures
-
Administrative:
- Intention: Conduct, regulate
- Text with formal rules of tradition
-
Newspaper:
- Intention: Information or opinion
- Middle-level reliability, necessity of understanding
-
Advertising:
- Intention: Persuade, guide opinion
- Level of formality varies
-
Private:
- Intention: Personal communication
- Low-level formality
Intent or Purpose of Communication
- Report
- Target opinion
- Regulate behavior
- Entertainment
Language Functions
- Referential: Convey information
- Expressive: Express emotions
- Conative: Command, request, establish standards
- Phatic: Establish or maintain social contact (e.g., greetings)
- Poetic: Focus on aesthetics and form
- Metalinguistic: Language about language (e.g., definitions)
- Identification: Names, anthroponyms
Text Types
- Narrative
- Descriptive
- Argumentative
- Expository
- Instructive
- Rhetorical
- Conversational
- Predictive
Dialect Voices (Polyphony)
- Issuer, Real Author
- Narrator
- Poetic "I"
- Discursive "I"
- Author Model: The idea that readers have of the author
- Receiver, Real Reader
- Allocutary: Alluded real reader in the text
- Reader Model: Type of reader the author envisioned
Narrators
External Viewpoint
- Omniscient: Knows everything
- Observer: Knows everything, even the voice
- Editor: Found and reproduced a text
Internal Viewpoint
- Protagonist: Recounts the facts
- Witness: Observer character who does not intervene
- Speaker: Observer character who intervenes
Character Personality
- Realistic: Typical
- Idealist: Archetypal
Reported Speech
- Direct: Uses quotes (e.g., "He said, 'I will go.'")
- Indirect: Enunciates with verbs of speech (e.g., He asked if he would come)
- Free Indirect: No introductory verbs, but implies speech or thought (e.g., He had to think about it, go to the theater)
- Interior Monologue: A character's internal thoughts
Formality
- Solemn: Protocol and courtesy
- Formal: Objectivity or little presence of the sender
- Colloquial: Subjective presence of interlocutors
- Vulgar: Very subjective, abundance of interlocutors
Deixis
- Personal
- Personal pronouns (1st and 2nd person)
- Verb forms (1st and 2nd person)
- Possessives (1st and 2nd person)
- Spatial
- Adverbs of place
- Circumstantial complements of place
- Demonstratives related to location
- Temporal
- Adverbs of time
- Circumstantial complements of time
- Verb forms (present, past, future)
- Social
- Forms of address (e.g., you, you)
- Vocatives (e.g., John, Mary, Mr. Marti)
- Majestic plural (e.g., We)
- Discourse: Refers to the text itself
- Modalization: Degree of subjectivity in a text
- Deontic: Predominance of the conative function
- Epistemic: Sender demonstrates great knowledge of the subject
- Evaluative: Sender expresses their opinion
Linguistic Variation
- Diachronic: Language change over time
- Diatopic: Regional variations
- Western
- Eastern
- Apitxat
- Diastratic: Social variations
- Diaphasic: Register variations (e.g., formal, literary, colloquial, standard)