Coh3 chemical name

Materia: Pure substances: substances that is form by the same kind of particles (molecules, atoms…).  Elements: form by the same kind of atom. We can’t divide them. Ej. P, O, C… Compounds: form by the same kind of molecules. We can divide them. Ej. H₂O, CO₂. Mixtures: substances that is form by different kinds of particles.  Homogeneas: you can’t see the different components. Ej. Seawater. Heterogeneas: you can see the different components. Ej. Granite.
1. The atom: is the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains its identity and properties that can not be divided by chemical processes.Types: Proton: have a positive charge. Neutron: don’t have charge. Electron: have negative charge.
4. Rutherford’s atomic model:
Rutherford make an experiment in which put a really small foil (lamina) of gold.
These Alfa particles have small mass, big velocity and many charge.
Most of the Alfa particles don’t have charges.
Several Alfa particles change the velocity and the direction.
These particles bounced (rebotan en la lamina).
The most part of Alfa particles must be empty.
The particles are be repelled by the atom (positive charge).
The periodic properties: Energía iónica: energía que necesita un átomo, cundo pierde y llega a ser un cation. Electronegatividad: capacidad de un átomo para atraer electrones. Electroafinidad: energía que un átomo libera cuando gana electrones y se convierte en un ión. Volumen atómico: > d=<F=>r.       >q=>F<r.


2. Atomic and mass number: Mass number: is the sum of the nº of protons and the nº of neutrons of 1 atom. Atomic number: is the nº of protons of 1 atom. To know what kind of atom is, we pay attention to the atomic number. 3. Ions and isotopes:
Ion: Atom that has gained or lost 1 or more electrons.
Types: Cation: positively charged atom that has lost electrons because Anion: negatively charged atom that has gained electrons because.
Isotope: different atom forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
5. Bohr’s atomic model: is a way to explain the spectra.
We put Na, and we obtained always the same picture, always that we send the same energy.
We put K, and we obtained always the same picture, always that we send the same energy.
The electron when are running, don’t release energy.
If we send energy, the electrons go to the another orbit.
When the electrons go to the centre of the atom.
The atom is going to be unstable.
6. The electron structure and the Periodic properties: Los electrones se mueven a gran velocidad. Modelos orbitales de la química cuántica: región del espacio donde existe la máxima probabilidad de encontrar al electrón.Orbital: lugar del espacio donde hay una probabilidad de encontrar al electrón.
Tipos de orbitales: Orbital S: es como una esfera. Es muy estable.Orbital P: tiene varios tipos: el P_x, el P_y y el P_z. Orbital d: hay 5 tipos de orbítales d.Orbital f: hay 7 tipos de orbitales f.