Child Intellectual and Social Development Stages: Ages 0 to 6

Intellectual Development (Ages 0 to 2 and 2 to 6)

• 1. Thought processes: Sensorimotor thought transitioning to preoperational and concrete-logical thought, enabling children to think and express thoughts.
• 2. Circular reactions: Circular reactions combined with tool use and new learning processes.
• 3. Egocentrism: Physical egocentrism (0-8 months) transitioning to overcoming physical egocentrism and developing psychological egocentrism.
• 4. Language acquisition: Language upgrading, vocabulary expansion, and grammar development.
• 5. Play progression: Sensorimotor play transitioning to symbolic play, and later to sociodramatic play.
• 6. Animism and magic: Animistic and magical thinking accompanied by object permanence, evolving into advanced animistic and magical beliefs (such as the Three Wise Men or the Tooth Fairy).
• 7. Hierarchical classification: Initial inability to hierarchically classify, transitioning to limited hierarchical abilities.
• 8. Serialization: Initial inability to serialize, transitioning to limited serialization skills.
• 9. Explanation of reality: Inability to explain external reality, transitioning to explanations driven by transductive reasoning (particular to particular).
• 10. Spatial orientation: Spatial guidance limitations with an initial absence of cognitive maps.
• 11. Conservation: Not yet meeting the capacity for conservation.
• 12. Object permanence: Early stages where hidden objects are not sought, progressing to stages where children understand when an object has been moved and actively search for it.

Social Development (Ages 0 to 2 and 2 to 6)

• 1. Adult attitudes and self-esteem: Adult attitudes directly influence self-esteem (e.g., fostering high self-esteem or feelings of inadequacy).
• 2. Self-awareness: Initial lack of self-consciousness, progressing to a self-concept based on physical features and self-recognition in photos and mirrors.
• 3. Egocentrism shift: Transitioning from psychological egocentrism to physical egocentrism.
• 4. Tantrums: Tantrum phase driven by viewing situations solely from their own perspective, eventually developing negotiation skills.
• 5. Emotional expression: Expressing emotions through non-verbal language, evolving into concrete verbal emotional expression.
• 6. Independence: Initially dependent on adults, growing more independent while beginning to assert their own will.
• 7. Social awareness: Initially unaware that their actions influence others, later becoming conscious of how their words and actions affect the feelings of others.
• 8. Attachment: Strong initial attachment to parents (with secure attachment being the ideal, contrasted with avoidant attachment patterns), leading to continuous attachment expansion, reciprocal relationships, and the ability to reach agreements (such as trusting that mom will return).
• 9. Gender roles: Initially lacking gender roles, children eventually develop gender roles based on external physical characteristics, later understanding biological characteristics and rigid gender stereotypes.
• 10. Play and socialization: Experimentation through exploration and individual play, initially playing alongside other children rather than with them, progressing to elaborate games important for relating to other children.
• 11. Behavioral regulation: Initially relying on external regulation by adults, eventually developing the ability to self-regulate.