Chemical Principles: Bonds, Solutions, and Gas Laws
Classified in Chemistry
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Links and interaction:
Link: q down at junctions to form dif compounds and the goal is stability.
E. Ionian (+ strong) (M + NM)
The - in Cedeno E. And the + to reach. Both can be combined.
E. Covalent (+ weak) (NM + NM) (EX: cl2, CO2, H2, H20)
I share their valence.
E. Metallic. + ions form networks, move easily, the latest E levels (valence).
Intermolecular forces: it depends on physical condition and character of st ud them. The + weak Van der Waals.
Ranking 2: dipoles (between E. Covalent polar mol), polarization transient (london: between nonpolar covalent mol), PH (an H is linked to another major in such as O, N or F) <P Boiling affects ..
Mixing:
Solubility of a solute: q max amount is dissolved in a fixed amount of a solvent at T specifies.
Polarity: electron charge distribution of a molecule.
Prop. Colligative:
Decrease vapor pressure (P 0of liq q Molec exercise superf steam to pass).
Xsoluto x DeltaP = P 0solvent
(DeltaP: P 0solvent-Psolucion)
(Xsoluto: moles solute / m + m solute solvent)
Boiling point elevation of the pressure of T is equal to external pressure; ebucillion pt.
Delta T e= K exm
m: molality of solution
Ke: cte boiling point
Delta Te: T dif of boiling (K).
Freezing point decrease: a solution is the T at which the vapor pressure is = to the pure solvent.
Delta T c= K cxm
Depression of osmotic pressure: 2 concentration dif solutions are separated.> Osmosis,
Pi: MRT (KELVIN)
Molar fraction (X): 8mol amount) of solute / canitdad (mol) + amount of solute (mol solvent. (Always less than 1)
X: solute moles
--------------------------
moles soltuo + moles solvent
ppm: mg / 1Kg solcion
Prop Gases:
Comprensiblidad: gas volume decrease, x increased pressure or dec T.
Expandability:> ocupaun q gas volume x> T o <Pressure
Diffusivity: propr gas dispersed in another gas. Homogeneous
Boyle's Law PV = constant with T and N fixed
Charles V & T Law, P fixed
Gay Law Lussc: P / T cte fixed V
Combined gas law: PV / T (CTE)
Ideal gas law PV = nRT