Characteristics of new pragmatism mixed focus
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Gesture and thinking for speaking (TFS). Slobin proposed
that in the activity of speaking, thinking takes on a particular
quality as experiences are filtered through languages into
verbalized events. He suggested that TFS might not merely
influence how people talk about events, but how they
experience those events. He called this the anticipatory
effects of language, which arise during experience time.
It is during speaking time TFS comes into play,
Thinking for speaking is a particularly compelling area of L2
research with regard to L2 meaning and self-regulation.
McNeill’s research, which links TFS features to gestures, show
that the dialectical interaction between speaking and gesturing
in the GP brings out some semiotic effects that don’t appear
immediately in the analysis of speech alone. Slobin research
suggested a number of areas where language differs with regard
to TFS features, including: temporal marking, spatial encoding and
motion events.
Talmy categorized motion events according to 6 criteria: FIGURE:
GROUND;PATH (ruta): MOTION: MANNER: CAUSE. According to
Talmy that languages are grouped into 2 general typologies,
depending on how they express path of motion events:
*Satellie-framed language (S-). Indicates path of motion through
particles and adverbs, whereas manner motion is frequently
mixed with the verb. *Verb-framed language (V-). The manner of
the figure’s motion is often not encoded in the verb but in a separate
lexical constellation, and path is mixed with the motion verb. Verb-
and Satellite-languages synchronize speech and gestures in different
ways. English speakers, coordinate manner gestures with manner verbs
if they want to focus on the manner of a motion event and allow the
spoken portion of the message to indicate path of motion.