Character Analysis and Symbolism in Lorca's Works

Characterization Techniques in Drama

At this point, the actor employs several techniques: characterization indirectly by the self, by actions and words, stage movement, and objects.

Indirect Characterization

This occurs through a character who discusses the attitude and behavior of another to advance the plot or help complete our perception of them. A prime example is the characterization of Bernarda before she even appears on stage.

Autodefinition of Characters

The character speaks about themselves, such as when a character describes their own perceived weaknesses or physical traits.

Characterization Through Action, Words, and Movement

Lorca creates characters with highly identifiable movements that reflect their personalities:

• Bernarda: Her inflexible and narrow-minded nature is revealed through her gestures, contrasting with the submissive attitude of other women.
• Dynamic Contrast: Her dynamism contrasts with the immobility of her daughters, emphasizing a sense of monotony.
• Language: The language used is unique to each person, such as the specific slang used by Poncia.

Symbolism Through Objects

Four characters are defined by specific objects:

• Bernarda: Her stick symbolizes power and authority, used to silence her daughters.
• Adela: Her floral fan and clothing symbolize rebellion.
• Angustias: The portrait of Pepe el Romano symbolizes desire and collective frustration.
• Maria Josefa: Flowers in her hair symbolize rebellion, love, and freedom; the sheep may represent madness or the inability of women to bear children.

The Female and Male Perspective

While the cast is primarily female, the image of the man is ever-present, viewed through the lens of solitude. The perception of the man varies by character:

• The man is viewed as a desired and necessary figure for happiness.
• He is perceived as strong, violent, and driven by erotic love.
• The married man is often depicted as bored, leaving the home to frequent the tavern.