Battles in Lincestis

Italian Unification:

Political and social movement through which the entire It.Peninsula was unified in one single state, it was divided in:

• Reino Piamonte - Cerdeña
• Reino Lombardía - Venecia
• Duchies of Parma, Módena and Toscana
• Estados Pontificios
• Reino de las Dos Sicilias

Many italians believe that the north and south of Italy should be united, for economic strength, greater influence and larger market.

The ones who led this were Victor Manuel II (King of Piamonte and Cerdeña) and Conde Cavour (1º Minister)

There were 5 phases

1. War with Austria(1859)

• Austria controlled nth Italy, particularly Lombardy and Venetia
• Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour allied with France to defeat Austria
• The italian-french army won, forcing Austria to cede Lombardy to Piedmont

2. Annexation of Central Italian-Duchies(1860)

• The Duchies of Parma, Modena and Tuscany saw the progress of uni in  the north
• Nationalist sentiment led to democratic plebiscites were the  population voted to join Piedmont

 3. The Rev. Of the Two Sicilies(1860-1861)

• The kingdom of the T.Sicilies (Napoles and Sicily) was under Bourbon rule
• Guiseppe Giribaldi, supported by Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour, landed in Sicily with his "Red Shirts"
• Many locals joined the rev. And through a series of battles, garibaldi took control of sicily
• Garibaldis forces crossed the Start of Messina and advanced into Napoles, leading to annexation of the low siciles into the kingdom of Italy

4. Incorporation of Venice (1866)

• Venice remained under Austrian control
• Victor Emmanuel II and Caovur allied with Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War
• Prussia defeated Austria, forcing to cede Venice to Italy

5. Incorporation of Rome (1870-71)

• Rome was under french protection, with French troops stationed there to support the Pope's indep.
• During the Franco-prussian war (1870), france had to withdraw its troops to defend against Prussia.
• With rome unprotected Giribaldi and troops entered the city, completing the Italian Unification

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  But the Pope considered himself a prisoner in the Vatican, so this leaded to several conflicts with the king of italy, it was not resolved until the Lateran Treaty in 1929