The Baptism of Jesus: Historical Context and Ministry

The Baptism in the Jordan and the Ministry of Jesus

The Gospels emphasize the significance of baptism within the narrative of Jesus, helping us understand why He chose this path.

1. Religious Streams of Judaism in Jesus' Time

During the time of Jesus, religious life in Israel was dominated by two primary groups:

• The Pharisees: Representing the middle and upper-middle classes, their religious focus was the scrupulous observance of the Law.
• The Sadducees: The aristocratic and conservative priestly class, who held significant power and influence within the Jerusalem Temple.

2. The Baptism Preached by John

Many preachers and "baptists" of the era invited people to a baptism of purification as a sign of conversion and hope. The uniqueness of John the Baptist derived from the specific orientation of his sermons and his relationship with the appearance of Jesus. John proposed a new path: an invitation to all—especially those who felt like sinners—to repent and await the coming of God. Jesus clearly chose to follow John's path.

3. Jesus' Messianic Choice

Jesus was baptized by John, an event the evangelical tradition treats with particular importance. This gesture serves as the first evidence of His choice and His messianic self-consciousness regarding the mission entrusted to Him by God.

Jesus chose the path of the servant. Furthermore, the Gospels frame this event within the context of a theophany, which allows for a dual interpretation:

• Jesus makes His choice in deep attachment to the will of the Father.
• John the Baptist acknowledges and identifies Him as the awaited envoy.

4. The Temptations and the Ministry of Jesus

The preparatory phase preceding Jesus' ministry required Him to be consistent with His election and resist temptation. Jesus avoided worldly power; His choice was different.

5. The Two Periods of Jesus' Ministry

1. Galilean Period: Characterized by the announcement of the Kingdom of God. This message attracted many followers, from whom Jesus highlighted a smaller group to share in His mission.
2. Jerusalemite Period: This includes the second part of His mission. The messianic project faced a "crisis" and total rejection, leading Jesus to dedicate Himself to the formation of His disciples.

The famous episode of the Confession of Caesarea acts as a hinge between these two periods.