Agricultural Science: Weather, Pricing, and Market Terms

Unit 13: Climate and Weather

• A climate is a set of weather conditions that is usual in a particular area.
• Soil moisture is the amount of water contained in a particular region's soil.
• Humidity is the amount or measurement of moisture in the air.
• Mulch is a material that is spread over the ground to protect plants and stop unwanted plants from growing.
• A long-range forecast is a prediction of weather conditions more than ten days in advance.
• Temperature is the measurement of heat and/or cold.
• Last frost is the last time during the year that the temperature gets low enough to kill plants in a particular region. It usually indicates the beginning of the growing season.
• Precipitation is rain, snow, and other forms of water that fall from the sky.
• A hardiness zone is a defined geographical area with a climate that supports a particular set of plant life.

Unit 14: Pricing and Marketing

• Direct marketing is a method of sales in which the producer sells products directly to consumers.
• Indirect marketing is a method of sales in which the producer sells products to a retailer or other party who then sells to consumers.
• Cost of production is the sum of all costs required to produce something, including labor, land, and materials.
• Supply and demand is the relationship between the amount of a product that can be produced and the amount that consumers can or will buy.
• Produce is fresh, raw food like fruits and vegetables.
• A pricing strategy is the method a seller chooses for establishing a product's price.
• Pricing for competition is the process of establishing a product's price based on prices that other sellers are using.
• Pricing for profit is the process of establishing a product's price that will cover and exceed the cost of production.
• Pricing for value is the process of establishing a product's price that offers lower prices for larger quantities.
• Pricing is the process of establishing costs for items.

Unit 15: Market Demand and Trade

• Market demand is the total demand for a particular product in a particular area or market.
• Decline is the process of becoming less or worse.
• A quota is a limit on the amount or number of a product that can be imported or exported.
• A price floor is a legal limit on how low the price of a product can be.
• Foreign trade enhancement is the practice of improving systems and technologies for trade with other countries.
• Adjusting production is the process of limiting the production of a product to only what is needed for immediate sales.
• A tariff is a tax on products that are being imported to or exported from a country.
• If a field is fallow, it does not have crops planted in it.
• A surplus is an amount or quantity of a product that exceeds the demand for that product.
• Price support is a method of maintaining a high price for a product.
• The food and fiber industry is a network of farmers, distributors, retailers, and other organizations that contribute to the production of food and other products.