Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Resources and Services for People with Special Needs

Four large groups of services:

• Those who are to serve users in their own homes.
• Residential services.
• Alternative accommodation services for long stays.
• A broad mode of service which we call intermediate.

Home Care Services

Includes a comprehensive set of services whose aim is to encourage users to stay at home, which in the case of older people would be in the logic of the principle of "aging in place."

Residential Services

In cases in which people cannot be addressed adequately by relatives or by existing services in their own home, another option is the entrance to a residence.

Alternative Accommodation Services

Alternative housing means a residential complex established with the intention that people... Continue reading "Social Services and Plans for People with Special Needs" »

The General Law of Education (1970)

Established free and compulsory education from ages 6-14, and the right to Spanish education at all levels.

The 1978 Constitution

Article 27 guarantees the right to education for everyone, seeking the full development of personality based on democratic principles, fundamental rights, and freedoms. The government must ensure parents' right to choose religious and moral training.

Key Pillars of this Educational Period:

• Realizing and extending the right to education for all Spaniards.
• Improving the quality of the education system.
• Decentralizing educational administration.

The novelty lies in the guaranteed right to education through the new Social Democratic state established in Spain in 1978.

LOEC, Organic Law 5/1980

Article... Continue reading "Evolution of Spain's Education System: Key Legislation & Principles" »

Monopoly: Exclusive Market Control

Monopoly ownership consists of a product exclusively controlled by a single manufacturer or distributor, which imposes prices without any external control.

New Leading Industrial Sectors

The emergence of new leading sectors was driven by new energy sources and technological innovations, leading to the discovery of new products and applications. This resulted in the rise of new productive sectors. The siderurgical industry (iron and steel) and metallurgy experienced significant expansion, alongside the burgeoning automotive and electrical industries. Electrical technology, in particular, found a large number of applications. The chemical industry also received a major boost with the creation of new products and... Continue reading "19th Century: Industrialization, Nations, and Empires" »

Settlement Concepts on Contract Completion

• Days worked this month.
• Proportion of uncollected bonuses.
• Leave not taken.
• Allowances, if any.
• In case of breach of the notice period, the amount corresponding to it.

Wage Concepts Retained

• Social Security contributions.
• Personal Income Tax (PIT).

Employment Contract Termination

Resignation

It is a termination of contract by the will of the worker without a cause that justifies it.

Abandonment by the Worker

The worker leaves the job with the intention to terminate the employment contract without notice.

Termination for Just Cause

The worker may request the termination of contract due to the employer's breach of contract.

(The employee must request the termination of employment at the Social Court and is entitled

Understanding Conflict

A conflict is a situation of confrontation between people who have different ideas regarding a particular issue. A conflict differs from a dilemma. A conflict involves a disagreement between individuals or groups, while a dilemma involves a difficult personal decision.

Common Causes of Labor Disputes

• Causes arising in relations between individuals, groups, or organizations:
  • Unclear distribution of work
  • Differences in income or desires
  • Differences in values and beliefs
  • Personal confrontations
• Causes related to decision-making:
  • Need to make a difficult decision

Types of Conflict

By Number of People Affected

• Individual: Conflict between two people.
• Collective: Conflict between a group of employees and the company.

By Subject Matter

• Legal:

Multiple Choice Questions on Negotiation

Item 11: Negotiation Fundamentals

To be able to give a negotiation process:

• A) There must be more than two parties.

In negotiation, to resolve the conflict, use:

• A) Dialogue and discussion.

When deciding where in negotiating a relationship of interdependence, we mean:

• C) Results of the protagonist also have to do with the conduct of the other party.

According to the characteristics of the interaction, negotiation can be divided into:

• B) Distributive and cooperative.

In negotiating through representatives:

• C) Negotiators defend the interests of a wider group.

The motivations of the negotiators that most influence the process are:

Generally, more competitive negotiators act:

Materials that can regulate collective agreements

Impugning Dismissal in Spain

When facing dismissal, a worker has 20 business days, common to all dismissal types, to attend the Mediation, Arbitration, and Conciliation Service (SMAC) and file a conciliation request. This step is mandatory before initiating litigation in the Social Court. The conciliation must occur within 20 business days from the dismissal date. This act suspends the 20-day limitation period, and the count resumes the day after the attempted conciliation. The conciliation may result in an agreement or no agreement. If no agreement is reached, the worker can file a lawsuit before the Social Court.

Types of Dismissals

• Null Dismissal: Based on discriminatory grounds or violates the worker's fundamental rights and civil liberties.

Mechanical Properties of Metals

Mechanical properties are the properties that express the behavior of metals under forces aimed at altering their shape. A summary of the different types of fundamental forces to which any structure or machine can be subjected are: tension, compression, shear, bending, torsional buckling, or a combination of these.

Resistance

Resistance is the ability of a metal to withstand an external load of the types mentioned above without breaking. As each load type has its corresponding resistance, it is usual to work with a resistance lower than that which would cause breakage in the plastic period of the material, i.e., working within the elastic period.

Hardness

There are two types of hardness: physical, which is the ability... Continue reading "Understanding Mechanical Properties of Metals" »