Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

The Vietnam War

The Vietnam War began when the Communist Vietcong launched a struggle for the reunification of Vietnam with the help of China and the USSR. The United States sent weapons to support the Saigon regime. In the 1960s, Presidents Kennedy and Johnson sent in troops. The Vietnam War was a peripheral conflict. In American society, a broad movement of rejection emerged. The United States withdrew its troops in 1973, and in 1975, the Communists achieved the country's reunification.

The Upsurge in Tension Between the Blocks

The end of the decade saw a new escalation of tensions with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The United States, in turn, increased its interventions in Latin America. Ronald Reagan arrived at the White House in 1981.... Continue reading "Vietnam War: Causes, Impact, and End of Communism" »

Market Types

Companies market their products on the market.

Market: Consists of a set of buyers and sellers of a product. There are different types of markets. Each of these conditions in a particular way the work of the Commercial Department.

Main Forms of Market

• Features Buyers:
  • Consumer Market: Products purchased by individual buyers or families. Distinguish between immediate consumption, when consumed frequently; lasting, if consumed in different periods of time; and services, if they are immaterial.
  • Industrial Market: Products purchased by companies for incorporation into the production process or for sale. Examples: Wood for furniture factories.
• Number and Types of Competitors:
  • Monopoly: There is only one company operating in the market. Example:

Concept and Classification of Banking Operations

Banking operations are credit operations carried out by a financial institution in a professional manner. They are classified as:

• Passive Operations
• Active Operations
• Service Operations

Types of Banking Products

Common banking products include current accounts, savings accounts, fixed-term deposits, and certificates of deposit.

Characteristics of Opening Bank Accounts

Bank accounts can be opened by individuals or corporations and can be in domestic or foreign currency. Only individuals with the capacity to act can open an account. Those lacking capacity must do so through their legal representatives.

Who Can Open a Bank Account?

People with legal capacity can open a bank account.

Steps in the Process of

Operational Plans for Rescue Teams

1. Introduction

Members of a rescue team have duties and responsibilities to attend to during their work. Furthermore, when assigned to a bathing area, shares to be given or that could occur in this area from the standpoint of safety and aquatic emergency should be taken into account.

These actions are detailed in the Operating Procedures (OPs) and in Emergency Planning (EP).

Although it may seem that the OPs or EPs require extensive coaching, this is not necessarily the case. The OPs and EPs refer to logical actions in the field of Prevention and Intervention.

2. Features of OPs and EPs

In the implementation of OPs and EPs, the following should be considered:

• Realistic and affordable for a quick start.
• Formal but

Self-Actualization

• Personal development and creativity.
• Never satisfied; unlimited abilities.
• Personal satisfaction in work.
• Spiritual needs.

Motivating Factors: Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

• Herzberg (1960).
• There are two types of factors:
• Motivators: Produce satisfaction on their own.
• Hygiene Factors: Aim to avoid dissatisfaction. Not effective at maintaining long-term work motivation.

Motivating Factors Details

• Related to the work and its content.
• Contentment for themselves.
• Motivational factors include:
  • Recognition.
  • Status.
  • Responsibility.
  • Opportunities for progress.
  • Stimulating work.

Hygiene Factors Details

• Related to the context in which the work is performed.
• The primary source of dissatisfaction.
• Do not inherently maintain work motivation.
• Hygiene factors

Channel Signaling: Types and Performance

Channel-Associated Signaling

Channel-associated signaling transmits signals needed to manage and control a particular channel conversation along with the channel itself. Traditionally, the signals corresponding to a circuit are transmitted by the circuit itself.

Common Channel Signaling

The introduction of stored program control (SPC) leads to a novel method of marking. The control unit can send signaling channel signals for all circuits which are in conversation on a particular route. This method is called common channel signaling.

Signaling System Performance

When establishing a signaling system, it's necessary to determine the role the intermediate centrals will play in the performance of their control... Continue reading "Channel Signaling: Types, Performance & System Establishment" »

Contract Elements

Real Elements

The real elements of a contract are the thing and the price.

The Thing Under Contract

This refers to the good, right, or merchandise being exchanged. The thing must be possible, according to the Code of Commerce:

• Things to resell furniture
• Sale of samples: The seller must deliver the thing with the same qualities as the sample, and the buyer may refuse to receive what was contracted.
• Sale to the test: The buyer purchases the thing, reserving their final decision based on the results of testing the effectiveness of the goods.
• Confirmation unless-Sale: The contract is agreed upon between the buyer and a trade representative.

Price

The price is the amount the buyer is obligated to pay the seller in exchange for the thing.... Continue reading "Understanding Contract Elements, Seller & Buyer Obligations" »

Lingual Arch

The lingual arch is a very useful device that is used to stabilize teeth (6-6), maintain anchorage in the jaw, or prevent teeth (6-6) from moving mesially and buccally. It can also widen the incisors and the dental arch.

It is used in mixed dentition (with temporary and permanent teeth) and as a holding arch at the end of treatment.

It is built on metal strips (6-6), adapting hard orthodontic wire (0.8 to 1 mm) in contact with the lingual surfaces. Its union with the band, in this case, is welded.

Nance Button

The Nance Button is used to reinforce the anchorage of the upper molars, stabilize molar groups, rotate molars, and increase the transverse distance between molars.

It is constructed with 1 mm wire, and this goes from one band... Continue reading "Orthodontic Appliances: Types and Uses in Dental Practice" »

Understanding Alarm Systems

Types of Alarms

• Anti-Theft (Anti-Intrusion):
  • Housing
  • Establishments
• Security: Prisons, nuclear power plants, etc.
• Environmental: Fire, water leakage, gas, etc.
• Technical Alarms
• Medical Alarms
• Access Control Systems
• Monitoring in Industrial Processes

Objectives of Alarm Systems

• Familiarize users with the operation of various detectors.
• Describe the components of an alarm system.
• Enable installation and operational checks of alarm systems.

Anti-Intrusion Systems

• Passive System: Fences, security doors, etc.
• Active System: Detects threats using electronic controls.
• Deterrent System: Visible measures indicating robust protection.

Alarm System Components

A) Detector Elements

These send an electrical signal to the control unit by opening or... Continue reading "Understanding Alarm Systems: Types, Objectives, and Components" »

Causes of the First World War

Rivalry Between European Powers

• Relations between France and Germany were strained by the Franco-Prussian War.
• Colonial problems exacerbated tensions.
• The Austro-Hungarian Empire and Russia also struggled to control the Balkans.
• Both the United Kingdom and other European powers competed for control over territories and markets.

Formation of Blocs and the Arms Race

• Two major blocs formed: the Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary) and the Triple Entente (Russia, France, and the UK joined later).
• Regarding armaments, between 1890 and 1912, military spending doubled, conscription was widely adopted, and investment in arms increased significantly.
• Public opinion was increasingly in favor of war.

Colonial Problems

Germany... Continue reading "Origins of the First World War and Peace Settlements" »