Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Stock Valuation and WACC Examples

Problem 1: Constant Dividend Growth

Thomas Brothers is expected to pay a $0.35 per share dividend at the end of the year (D1 = $0.35). The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 6% a year. The required rate of return is 13%. What is the stock’s current price?

P0 = D1 / (r – g) = 0.35 / (0.13 - 0.06) = $5.00

Problem 2: Current Stock Price with Constant Growth

A stock just paid a dividend of D0 = $1.50. The required rate of return is r = 10%, and the constant growth rate is g = 4.0%. What is the current stock price?

P0 = D0(1+g) / (r – g) = 1.50(1 + 0.04) / (0.10 - 0.04) = $26.00

Problem 3: Expected Stock Price in One Year

Using your answer for problem 2, what is the expected stock price in one year... Continue reading "Calculating Stock Prices and Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)" »

After-Sales Service

It is the set of mechanisms and tasks that the organization uses after the sale is done in order to obtain total customer satisfaction. It is an important source of information and should be considered as an investment. It is easier to sell new products to a satisfied customer than finding new customers.

Advantages:

• It provides greater customer satisfaction.
• It improves the image of the company.
• It improves direct knowledge of the market.
• It involves potential customer loyalty.
• It implies a likely increase in sales.

Disadvantages:

• It involves certain costs.
• It needs to be controlled.
• It can cause a possible increase in the number of claims.
• It implies a greater demand for service and quality.
• It causes more staffing needs.

Types of After-

TRANSFORMACIONES

1-The Minister of Education is believed to have resigned from his post.

2-The young tree was being bent to the ground by the wind.

3-If a famous director hadn't seen her act in a school play, Brenda wouldn't have been a star.

4-I wish I had bought some tickets for the concert.

5-Despite the fact that the house was very old, we managed to sell it.

6-He asked if I had heard the news the previous night.

7-I have my money sent monthly to my bank account in London.

8-The bed (which) I slept in last night was very uncomfortable.

9-It was such an expensive ticket for the match that I didn't buy it.

10-Your classmate may have left his book on the desk.

11-He suggested going out as soon as possible.

12-Peter must be at home because the phone is... Continue reading "English Language Practice: Reading, Listening, and Vocabulary" »

Laura Mulvey and the Male Gaze Theory

• 1. Laura Mulvey's essay about the Male Gaze Theory was initially used to study films.
• 2. Laura Mulvey's article constitutes an attack on the notion of scopophilia.
• 3. Scopophilia, insists Mulvey, refers to the pleasure of looking as well as the sexual objectification of women in film.
• 4. Laura Mulvey's work on visual and film narratives has been particularly influential.
• 5. According to Laura Mulvey's theory, women are often represented in film in relation to male desire.
• 6. Laura Mulvey points out in her article...
• 7. Mulvey argues that cinema should not be obsessively subordinated to the needs of the male ego.

Ideology and the Hollywood Blacklist

• 8. Systems of beliefs, values, and opinions based on underlying

Essential English Idioms

• Too good to be true: So good that it's hard to believe.
• As good as gold: Extremely well-behaved.
• Put in a good word: To say something in support of someone else.
• Do more harm than good: To have more negative effects than positive ones.
• To be good for nothing: To be extremely lazy and useless.
• To be up to no good: Behaving very badly.

Key Vocabulary

• Fairness: Justicia
• Self-reliance: Autosuficiencia
• Compassion: Compasión
• Loyally: Lealmente
• Let me down: Decepcionar
• Bravery: Valentía
• Generosity: Generosidad
• Honesty: Honestidad

Common Phrasal Verbs

• Turn up: Aparecer, venir
• Put up: Ponerse
• Rip off: Arrancar
• Come across: Cruzar
• Pull over: Volcar
• Give back: Devolver
• Rely on: Depender de
• Gets on: Se pone
• Give up: Rendirse
• Carried out: Llevado a cabo
• Breaks

Atom

The smallest particles a simple substance can be divided into without losing its chemical properties.

Chemical Element

A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei.

Subatomic Particles

• Electrons: negative charge, no mass
• Protons: positive charge, mass
• Neutrons: no charge, mass equal to protons.

Atomic Models

• Plum Pudding Model: a sphere of positive electricity with neutrons
• Rutherford's: each electron had an orbit
• Bohr's: each orbit presents a different number of electrons.

To differentiate an atom from others, the number of protons and neutrons it has in its nucleus.

Atomic Number

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (Z).

Mass Number

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom... Continue reading "Understanding Atoms, Elements, and Bonds in Chemistry" »

Maximizing Media Exposure for Your Events

Planning a Successful Media Event

One of the easiest ways to receive free media exposure is through well-planned media events. Consider the following steps:

• Select the time of day carefully: Journalists work to deadlines. If they attend your event at 5:00 PM on a Thursday, coverage may not appear until Saturday.
• Optimal timing for immediate coverage: Any time from 9:30 AM is ideal for same-day coverage on TV or Radio, or for the following day in print media.
• Best times for weekly/monthly publications: Lunchtime, afternoon, or early evening are good for publications with longer lead times.
• Prepare comprehensive handout materials: Ensure you have enough press kits and other relevant information for everyone

Reservation Confirmation

Dear Recipient,

This message confirms your reservation for a double room in June, specifically for the 29th and 30th.

The reservation includes breakfast for both days. The total cost for your stay is 190 euros.

Yours faithfully,
David

Reference Data Sets

The following data sets are provided for reference:

• 30-B, 31-D, 32-A, 33-F, 34-E, 35-C
• 36-B, 37-F, 38-A, 39-E, 40-G, 41-D, 42-D
• 43-C, 44-C, 45-A
• 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C

Insights from Nils' Interview

Nils' Career Journey and UK Experience

Here are key takeaways from an interview with Nils regarding his career and observations on working in the UK:

1. Current Role

Nils currently works in customer support.

2. Pre-Current Job & Job Acquisition

Before his current position, Nils completed a... Continue reading "Key Information and Facility Highlights" »

Digesting Food

The Digestive Tract

The digestive tract is a long tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. Digestion begins in the mouth with chewing, breaking down food into smaller pieces for easier enzyme action.

Salivary glands secrete saliva containing enzymes like salivary amylase (begins carbohydrate digestion) and salivary lipase (begins fat digestion).

The Stomach

This mixture, called a bolus, is swallowed and travels down the esophagus to the stomach, passing through the lower esophageal sphincter. In the stomach, the bolus mixes with hydrochloric acid (HCl), pepsin (digests proteins), and gastric lipase (continues fat digestion). This creates a liquid called chyme, which exits the stomach through the pyloric sphincter to the duodenum... Continue reading "Digestive System: Process and Organs Explained" »

Common English Collocations

• Do: course, aerobics, business, good, harm, homework, judo, some damage, voluntary work, well, your best
• Get: a girlfriend, a jacket, a job, a tattoo, angry, better, good grades, home, married, points, the bus, to the party
• Go: backpacking, camping, on a date, back, off, on, through, with, without
• Make: a call, a film, a fortune, a list, a meal, an effort, arrangements, decisions, excuses, friends, noise
• Play: chess

Future and Technology Vocabulary

• Alien, artificial intelligence, catastrophe, climate change, colony, crime wave, epidemic, hologram, optimistic, overpopulation, pessimistic, pollution, robot, space station, space travel, virtual world, war

Reflexive Verbs and Phrasal Verbs

• Reflexive: Arm yourself, call yourself,